Long-Terms Effects of Abortion - Revision history

Barb: /* Review Papers */

2026-08-17T15:13:28Z

Review Papers

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	==Review Papers==		==Review Papers==
			'''Association between induced abortion and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Montoya-Gambini, N. J. S., Apaza-García, J. J., & Munares-García, O. F. (2024). ''Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social'', ''62''(1), e5430.'''<blockquote>'''Abstract''' This article is a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) whose objective was to identify the association between induced abortion and the development of depression, based on the Cochrane guidelines for SRs. A systematic search was carried out in the WoS, PubMed and Scopus databases. Retrospective and prospective cohort studies, carried out until November 2020, that evaluated a population of women in childbearing age (12 to 46 years) with at least 1 induced and/or provoked abortion, including pharmacological and surgical abortion. Only studies with healthy women at the beginning of the research were included, i.e., with absence of psychiatric pathology prior to induced abortion. The quality of the included studies was measured with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and for the MA random-effects models were specified using the DerSimonian & Laird method, grouping them into follow-up after abortion before and after one year. The results of the SR were measured with relative risk (RR), hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and the chi-square test, which assessed the intensity of the statistical relationship between population and exposure. Systematic review demonstrated an OR of 1.38 (95% CI 1.14-1.68) of depression after induced abortion. Meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between depression and induced abortion when the assessment after one year was performed: OR: 1.37 (95% CI 1.09-1.71). The risks, harms and mental health consequences of induced abortion, such as depression, should be investigated and warned.</blockquote>


	'''[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11625657/#bjo17889-sec-0016 Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.] Bodunde EO, Buckley D, O'Neill E, Al Khalaf S, Maher GM, O'Connor K, McCarthy FP, Kublickiene K, Matvienko-Sikar K, Khashan AS. BJOG. 2025 Jan;132(2):131-142. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17889.'''<blockquote>Background: Few studies have examined the associations between pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term (>12 months) maternal mental health outcomes.		'''[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11625657/#bjo17889-sec-0016 Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.] Bodunde EO, Buckley D, O'Neill E, Al Khalaf S, Maher GM, O'Connor K, McCarthy FP, Kublickiene K, Matvienko-Sikar K, Khashan AS. BJOG. 2025 Jan;132(2):131-142. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17889.'''<blockquote>Background: Few studies have examined the associations between pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term (>12 months) maternal mental health outcomes.

Barb: /* Older Papers Regarding Long-Term Effects */

2026-03-27T15:57:49Z

Older Papers Regarding Long-Term Effects

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	:CONCLUSIONS: Abortion was associated with both positive and negative emotional reactions. The extent of negative emotional reactions appeared to modify the links between abortion and subsequent mental health problems.		:CONCLUSIONS: Abortion was associated with both positive and negative emotional reactions. The extent of negative emotional reactions appeared to modify the links between abortion and subsequent mental health problems.
			<blockquote>NOTE:

			>85% reported at least one negative emotional reaction

			>55% reported at least one strong (“very much”) negative reaction</blockquote>

	[[Broen]] AN, Moum T, Bodtker AS, Ekeberg O: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15694217?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Reasons for induced abortion and their relation to women's emotional distress: a prospective, two-year follow-up study.] Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2005, 27:36-43.		[[Broen]] AN, Moum T, Bodtker AS, Ekeberg O: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15694217?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Reasons for induced abortion and their relation to women's emotional distress: a prospective, two-year follow-up study.] Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2005, 27:36-43.

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2025-12-31T14:39:18Z

Review Papers

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 ==Review Papers==
-''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859662 Abortion and subsequent mental health: Review of the literature.] Bellieni CV, Buonocore G.'' Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013 Jul;67(5):301-10. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12067.
+'''[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11625657/#bjo17889-sec-0016 Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.] Bodunde EO, Buckley D, O'Neill E, Al Khalaf S, Maher GM, O'Connor K, McCarthy FP, Kublickiene K, Matvienko-Sikar K, Khashan AS.  BJOG. 2025 Jan;132(2):131-142. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17889.'''<blockquote>Background: Few studies have examined the associations between pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term (>12 months) maternal mental health outcomes.
 :Abstract

Barb: /* Psychiatric or Psychological Hospitalization or Consultation */

2024-12-09T18:43:30Z

Psychiatric or Psychological Hospitalization or Consultation

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	==Psychiatric or Psychological Hospitalization or Consultation==		==Psychiatric or Psychological Hospitalization or Consultation==

			'''[https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-024-07005-w The association between repeated abortions during childbearing age and the psychological well-being of postmenopausal women in Southwest China: an observational study.] Li, X., Peng, A., Li, L. ''et al.'' ''BMC Pregnancy Childbirth'' 24, 805 (2024). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-07005-w</nowiki>'''<blockquote>Background

			The issue of whether abortion increases the risk of future mental health problems for women remains a debated topic, and there is a lack of evidence from large-scale studies conducted in China. This study aimed to investigate the potential associations between abortions, particularly repeated abortions, and the mental health status of postmenopausal women in Southwest China.

			Methods

			The data were obtained from the baseline survey of a multi-center natural population cohort study in cooperated with medical consortia in Southwest China. A standard structured questionnaire was used to assess abortion status among women of childbearing age. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate psychological well-being. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between the quantity and reasons for abortions and the mental health status of postmenopausal women.

			Results

			A total of 9991 postmenopausal women were enrolled (mean age: 60.51 years), of whom 11.09% (1108 individuals) reported mental health problems (5.54% for depression and 8.27% for anxiety). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with women without any history of abortion, postmenopausal women who reported three or more abortions during their childbearing years were likely to have worse mental health conditions (OR [95% CI]: 1.37 [1.13, 1.67]). Additionally, women who reported a history of abortions for socio-economic reasons were also correlated with an increased risk of mental health issues after menopause (OR [95% CI]: 1.34 [1.08, 1.66]).

			Conclusions

			Women who reported a history of three or more abortions were at an increased risk of experiencing mental health issues after menopause. Reproductive-age women should enhance their contraceptive awareness to prevent unintended pregnancies and subsequent abortions. Healthcare institutions are recommended to strengthen psychological counseling for women who have undergone abortions.</blockquote>'''''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38771715/ A Reanalysis of Mental Disorders Risk Following First-Trimester Abortions in Denmark.]'' Reardon DC Issues Law Med. 2024 Spring;39(1):66-75. PMID: 38771715.'''<blockquote>'''Background:''' A previous Danish study of monthly and tri-monthly rates of first-time psychiatric contact following first induced abortions reported higher rates compared to first live births but similar rates compared to nine months pre-abortion. Therefore, the researchers concluded abortion has no independent effect on mental health; any differences between psychiatric contacts after abortion and delivery are entirely attributable to pre-existing mental health differences. However, these conclusions are inconsistent with similar studies that used longer time frames. Reanalysis of the published Danish data over slightly longer time frames may reconcile this discordance.

			'''Method:''' Monthly and tri-monthly data was extracted for reanalysis of cumulative effects over nine- and twelvemonths post-abortion.

			'''Results:''' Across all psychiatric diagnoses, cumulative average monthly rate of first-time psychiatric contact increased from an odds ratio of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.22) at 9-months to 1.49 (95% CI: 1.37 to 1.63) at 12 months post-abortion as compared to the 9 months pre-abortion rate. At 12 months post-abortion, first-time psychiatric contact was higher across all four diagnostic groupings and highest for personality or behavioral disorders (OR=1.87; 95% CI:1.48 to 2.36) and neurotic, stress related, or somatoform disorders (OR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.41 to 1.81).

			'''Conclusions:''' Our reanalysis revealed that the Danish data is consistent with the larger body of both record-based and survey- based studies when viewed over periods of observation of at least nine months. Longer periods of observation are necessary to capture both anniversary reactions and the exhaustion of coping mechanisms which may delay observation of post-abortion effects.</blockquote>


	''[http://abortionrisks.org/index.php?title=Munk-Olsen_et_al Induced First-Trimester Abortion and Risk of Mental Disorder.] Trine Munk-Olsen, Ph.D., Thomas Munk Laursen, Ph.D., Carsten B. Pedersen, Dr.Med.Sc., Øjvind Lidegaard, Dr.Med.Sc., and Preben Bo Mortensen, Dr.Med.Sc. N Engl J Med 2011;364:332-9.''		''[http://abortionrisks.org/index.php?title=Munk-Olsen_et_al Induced First-Trimester Abortion and Risk of Mental Disorder.] Trine Munk-Olsen, Ph.D., Thomas Munk Laursen, Ph.D., Carsten B. Pedersen, Dr.Med.Sc., Øjvind Lidegaard, Dr.Med.Sc., and Preben Bo Mortensen, Dr.Med.Sc. N Engl J Med 2011;364:332-9.''

Barb: /* Adjustments at the Time of Menopause */

2024-12-09T18:40:41Z

Adjustments at the Time of Menopause

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:40, 9 December 2024
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	==Adjustments at the Time of Menopause==		==Adjustments at the Time of Menopause==

			'''[https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-024-07005-w The association between repeated abortions during childbearing age and the psychological well-being of postmenopausal women in Southwest China: an observational study.] Li, X., Peng, A., Li, L. ''et al.'' ''BMC Pregnancy Childbirth'' 24, 805 (2024). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-07005-w</nowiki>'''<blockquote>Background

			The issue of whether abortion increases the risk of future mental health problems for women remains a debated topic, and there is a lack of evidence from large-scale studies conducted in China. This study aimed to investigate the potential associations between abortions, particularly repeated abortions, and the mental health status of postmenopausal women in Southwest China.

			Methods

			The data were obtained from the baseline survey of a multi-center natural population cohort study in cooperated with medical consortia in Southwest China. A standard structured questionnaire was used to assess abortion status among women of childbearing age. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate psychological well-being. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between the quantity and reasons for abortions and the mental health status of postmenopausal women.

			Results

			A total of 9991 postmenopausal women were enrolled (mean age: 60.51 years), of whom 11.09% (1108 individuals) reported mental health problems (5.54% for depression and 8.27% for anxiety). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with women without any history of abortion, postmenopausal women who reported three or more abortions during their childbearing years were likely to have worse mental health conditions (OR [95% CI]: 1.37 [1.13, 1.67]). Additionally, women who reported a history of abortions for socio-economic reasons were also correlated with an increased risk of mental health issues after menopause (OR [95% CI]: 1.34 [1.08, 1.66]).

			Conclusions

			Women who reported a history of three or more abortions were at an increased risk of experiencing mental health issues after menopause. Reproductive-age women should enhance their contraceptive awareness to prevent unintended pregnancies and subsequent abortions. Healthcare institutions are recommended to strengthen psychological counseling for women who have undergone abortions.</blockquote>


	[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02646838.2010.513046 Long term follow‐up of emotional experiences after termination of pregnancy: women’s views at menopause.] Dykes K, Slade P, Haywood, A. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 29(1) 2011. DOI:10.1080/02646838.2010.513046		[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02646838.2010.513046 Long term follow‐up of emotional experiences after termination of pregnancy: women’s views at menopause.] Dykes K, Slade P, Haywood, A. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 29(1) 2011. DOI:10.1080/02646838.2010.513046

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2016-12-22T19:29:31Z

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	[[Submit_LongTerm \|Please Submit New Material for This Protected Page Here]]		[[Submit_LongTerm \|Please Submit New Material for This Protected Page Here]]

			==Physical Effects of Psychological Illness==

			[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Association+of+Mental+Disorders+With+Subsequent+Chronic+Physical+Conditions%3A+World+Mental+Health+Surveys+From+17+Countries Association of Mental Disorders With Subsequent Chronic Physical Conditions: World Mental Health Surveys From 17 Countries.] Scott KM, Lim C, Al-Hamzawi A, et al. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(2):150-158. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2688.

			RESULTS: Most associations between 16 mental disorders and subsequent onset or diagnosis of 10 physical conditions were statistically significant, with odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) ranging from 1.2 (1.0-1.5) to 3.6 (2.0-6.6). The associations were attenuated after adjustment for mental disorder comorbidity, but mood, anxiety, substance use, and impulse control disorders remained significantly associated with onset of between 7 and all 10 of the physical conditions (ORs [95% CIs] from 1.2 [1.1-1.3] to 2.0 [1.4-2.8]). An increasing number of mental disorders experienced over the life course was significantly associated with increasing odds of onset or diagnosis of all 10 types of physical conditions, with ORs (95% CIs) for 1 mental disorder ranging from 1.3 (1.1-1.6) to 1.8 (1.4-2.2) and ORs (95% CIs) for 5 or more mental disorders ranging from 1.9 (1.4-2.7) to 4.0 (2.5-6.5). In population-attributable risk estimates, specific mental disorders were associated with 1.5% to 13.3% of physical condition onsets.

			:CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that mental disorders of all kinds are associated with an increased risk of onset of a wide range of chronic physical conditions. Current efforts to improve the physical health of individuals with mental disorders may be too narrowly focused on the small group with the most severe mental disorders. Interventions aimed at the primary prevention of chronic physical diseases should optimally be integrated into treatment of all mental disorders in primary and secondary care from early in the disorder course.

			'''The above findings may be relevant to the reduced life expectancy of women who have a history of abortion.'''

	==Review Papers==		==Review Papers==

Barb: /* Review Papers */

2016-10-14T20:32:57Z

Review Papers

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 14 October 2016
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	*"Complex emotional experiences appear to be integral to TOP. These include regret and guilt [17,22], distress and anxiety [17,22,27] and grief, loss, emptiness and suffering [21]."		*"Complex emotional experiences appear to be integral to TOP. These include regret and guilt [17,22], distress and anxiety [17,22,27] and grief, loss, emptiness and suffering [21]."

	'''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19799479 Psychiatric complications of abortion]'''. [Article in Spanish] Gurpegui M1, Jurado D. Cuad Bioet. 2009 Sep-Dec;20(70):381-92.		'''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19799479 Psychiatric complications of abortion]'''. [Article in Spanish] Gurpegui M, Jurado D. Cuad Bioet. 2009 Sep-Dec;20(70):381-92.
	:INTRODUCTION: The psychiatric consequences of induced abortion continue to be the object of controversy. The reactions of women when they became aware of conception are very variable. Pregnancy, whether initially intended or unintended, may provoke stress; and miscarriage may bring about feelings of loss and grief reaction. Therefore, induced abortion, with its emotional implications (of relief, shame and guilt) not surprisingly is a stressful adverse life event.		:INTRODUCTION: The psychiatric consequences of induced abortion continue to be the object of controversy. The reactions of women when they became aware of conception are very variable. Pregnancy, whether initially intended or unintended, may provoke stress; and miscarriage may bring about feelings of loss and grief reaction. Therefore, induced abortion, with its emotional implications (of relief, shame and guilt) not surprisingly is a stressful adverse life event.

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	:This article will discuss the nature of the association between abortion and mental health problems. Studies arguing about both sides of the debate as to whether abortion per se is responsible will be presented. The prevalence of various psychiatric disorders will be outlined and where there is dispute between studies, these will be highlighted. The impact of abortion on other areas such as education, partner relationships and sexual function will also be considered. The absence of specific interventions will be highlighted. Suggestions for early identification of illness will be made.		:This article will discuss the nature of the association between abortion and mental health problems. Studies arguing about both sides of the debate as to whether abortion per se is responsible will be presented. The prevalence of various psychiatric disorders will be outlined and where there is dispute between studies, these will be highlighted. The impact of abortion on other areas such as education, partner relationships and sexual function will also be considered. The absence of specific interventions will be highlighted. Suggestions for early identification of illness will be made.


	==Adjustments at the Time of Menopause==		==Adjustments at the Time of Menopause==

Barb: /* Mania and Bipolar Disorder */

2016-07-01T16:30:10Z

Mania and Bipolar Disorder

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:30, 1 July 2016
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	[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23381493 Post-abortion mania.] Sharma V, Sommerdyk C, Sharma S. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013 Apr;16(2):167-9. doi: 10.1007/s00737-013-0328-0. Epub 2013 Feb 5.		[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23381493 Post-abortion mania.] Sharma V, Sommerdyk C, Sharma S. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013 Apr;16(2):167-9. doi: 10.1007/s00737-013-0328-0. Epub 2013 Feb 5.

	:Abstract: We describe case histories of three women with post-abortion mania, including two women who underwent a change in diagnosis from bipolar II to bipolar I disorder and another woman who had no prior history of psychiatric disturbance. It is argued that the study of post-		:Abstract: We describe case histories of three women with post-abortion mania, including two women who underwent a change in diagnosis from bipolar II to bipolar I disorder and another woman who had no prior history of psychiatric disturbance. It is argued that the study of post-abortion mania should provide an opportunity to better understand the aetiology of puerperal mania.
	abortion mania should provide an opportunity to better understand the aetiology of puerperal mania.

	[http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/176/1/92.1.long Post-abortion mania.] I. F. Brockington The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2000, 176 (1) 92; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.176.1.92		[http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/176/1/92.1.long Post-abortion mania.] I. F. Brockington The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2000, 176 (1) 92; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.176.1.92

Barb: /* Benefits of Childbirth */

2016-07-01T16:29:42Z

Benefits of Childbirth

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	:CONCLUSIONS: "Mothers with mental disorders have lower readmission rates compared with women with mental disorders who do not have children." In other words, being a mother may contribute to stabilizing mental health.		:CONCLUSIONS: "Mothers with mental disorders have lower readmission rates compared with women with mental disorders who do not have children." In other words, being a mother may contribute to stabilizing mental health.

			===Mania and Bipolar Disorder===

			[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23381493 Post-abortion mania.] Sharma V, Sommerdyk C, Sharma S. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013 Apr;16(2):167-9. doi: 10.1007/s00737-013-0328-0. Epub 2013 Feb 5.

			:Abstract: We describe case histories of three women with post-abortion mania, including two women who underwent a change in diagnosis from bipolar II to bipolar I disorder and another woman who had no prior history of psychiatric disturbance. It is argued that the study of post-
			abortion mania should provide an opportunity to better understand the aetiology of puerperal mania.

			[http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/176/1/92.1.long Post-abortion mania.] I. F. Brockington The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2000, 176 (1) 92; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.176.1.92

			:The author comments on case study a describing a woman who suffered from five episodes of puerperal mania and two of post-abortion psychosis, one after a therapeutic abortion and one after a spontaneous abortion. The author notes that the association of acute psychosis with abortion in women susceptible to puerperal psychosis had been noted in at least nine reports, summarized in Brockington's book ''Motherhood & Mental Health.''

	==Turn Away Study==		==Turn Away Study==

Barb: /* Psychiatric or Psychological Hospitalization or Consultation */

2016-06-21T00:51:46Z

Psychiatric or Psychological Hospitalization or Consultation

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 20 June 2016
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	:This article will discuss the nature of the association between abortion and mental health problems. Studies arguing about both sides of the debate as to whether abortion per se is responsible will be presented. The prevalence of various psychiatric disorders will be outlined and where there is dispute between studies, these will be highlighted. The impact of abortion on other areas such as education, partner relationships and sexual function will also be considered. The absence of specific interventions will be highlighted. Suggestions for early identification of illness will be made.		:This article will discuss the nature of the association between abortion and mental health problems. Studies arguing about both sides of the debate as to whether abortion per se is responsible will be presented. The prevalence of various psychiatric disorders will be outlined and where there is dispute between studies, these will be highlighted. The impact of abortion on other areas such as education, partner relationships and sexual function will also be considered. The absence of specific interventions will be highlighted. Suggestions for early identification of illness will be made.


			==Adjustments at the Time of Menopause==

			[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02646838.2010.513046 Long term follow‐up of emotional experiences after termination of pregnancy: women’s views at menopause.] Dykes K, Slade P, Haywood, A. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 29(1) 2011. DOI:10.1080/02646838.2010.513046

			:Abstract: The objective was to explore women’s long‐term experiences and perspectives on their terminations of pregnancy (TOP) when perimenopausal. Eight women attending a menopause clinic who had experienced termination a minimum of 10 years previously (mean 24 years) completed semi‐structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using Template Analysis. Five TOP themes were identified: ‘Impression left’ involved sadness, regret, and guilt which affected women’s self‐perceptions. ‘Judgement’ encompassed judgement on themselves and how censure was feared from others. ‘Growth and development’ noted the development of resilience and compassion for others. ‘Coming to terms and managing effects’ identified beliefs in the correctness of the decision, but effortful avoidance of thoughts still intruding into life. ‘Contradictions’ identified dramatic inconsistencies within almost all individual accounts indicating lack of resolution and full acceptance. Considering menopause and TOP together revealed a further three themes; Changes to thinking, Menopause as a time of reflection and Linkages or separateness. For some women termination may be continually reappraised in their changing life context and remain an active yet hidden feature managed through active avoidance. Menopause was viewed as a time of vulnerability to TOP‐related negative thoughts, especially where wishes for more children were unfulfilled. Accessibility of post‐termination counselling throughout life is recommended.

	==Psychiatric or Psychological Hospitalization or Consultation==		==Psychiatric or Psychological Hospitalization or Consultation==