Nancy Russo - Revision history

Barb at 18:13, 18 February 2025

2025-02-18T18:13:12Z

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	* Chair of the APA's Division 35, Task Force on Reproductive Issues, Russo made the following respponse to APA member Robert Gallagher who questioned the wisdom of the APA taking "a very clearly political stance by explicitly associating itself with the Pro-Choice Forum."<ref>http://www.apa.org/monitor/apr03/letters.aspx RESPONSE FROM DIV. 35 TASK FORCE ON REPRODUCTIVE ISSUES:</ref>		* Chair of the APA's Division 35, Task Force on Reproductive Issues, Russo made the following respponse to APA member Robert Gallagher who questioned the wisdom of the APA taking "a very clearly political stance by explicitly associating itself with the Pro-Choice Forum."<ref>http://www.apa.org/monitor/apr03/letters.aspx RESPONSE FROM DIV. 35 TASK FORCE ON REPRODUCTIVE ISSUES:</ref>
			<blockquote>
	:ROBERT GALLAGHER'S STATEMENT has three problems: disregard of APA's history on abortion issues, naïveté about the role of values in science, and misconstrual of the pro-choice position for research on postabortion emotional responses.		:ROBERT GALLAGHER'S STATEMENT has three problems: disregard of APA's history on abortion issues, naïveté about the role of values in science, and misconstrual of the pro-choice position for research on postabortion emotional responses.
	:In 1969, APA's Council of Representatives resolved that abortion be considered a "civil right of the pregnant woman." More recently, pro-life misrepresentation of research findings led the council to resolve that APA disseminate scientific information on reproductive issues to policy-makers and the public. Our work is a direct response to that mandate.		:In 1969, APA's Council of Representatives resolved that abortion be considered a "civil right of the pregnant woman." More recently, pro-life misrepresentation of research findings led the council to resolve that APA disseminate scientific information on reproductive issues to policy-makers and the public. Our work is a direct response to that mandate.
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	::Alliant International University		::Alliant International University
	::Los Angeles		::Los Angeles
			</blockquote>From this response it is clear that Russo clearly believes the APA's political position on abortion as a civil right is warrant for pro-choice activism.
	From this response it is clear that Russo clearly believes the APA's political position on abortion as a civil right is warrant for pro-choice activism.

	==Views on Abortion and Informed Consent and Screening==		==Views on Abortion and Informed Consent and Screening==

Barb: /* Notable Statements by Russo */

2016-12-28T22:06:02Z

Notable Statements by Russo

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	The following statements demonstrate Russo's tendency to dismiss scientific evidence demonstrating a link between abortion and mental health problems in favor of a radical pro-choice ideology.		The following statements demonstrate Russo's tendency to dismiss scientific evidence demonstrating a link between abortion and mental health problems in favor of a radical pro-choice ideology.

	*Nancy Russo was quoted in January 2004 by a science reporter from the Toledo Blade newspaper saying "As far as I'm concerned, whether or not an abortion creates psychological difficulties is not relevant...it means you give proper informed consent and you deal with it". <ref name="blade">[http://~~fionapinto~~.~~blogspot~~.com/~~2005~~/11/~~british~~-~~medical~~-~~journal~~-research-~~paper~~.html After decades of research, evaluating abortion's effect still difficult.] Jenni Laidman, Toledo Blade, January 22, 2004.</ref>		*Nancy Russo was quoted in January 2004 by a science reporter from the Toledo Blade newspaper saying "As far as I'm concerned, whether or not an abortion creates psychological difficulties is not relevant...it means you give proper informed consent and you deal with it". <ref name="blade">[http://www.toledoblade.com/Politics/2004/01/22/After-decades-of-research-evaluating-abortion-s-effect-still-difficult.html After decades of research, evaluating abortion's effect still difficult.] Jenni Laidman, Toledo Blade, January 22, 2004.</ref>

	*"To pro-choice advocates, mental health effects are not relevant to the legal context of arguments to restrict access to abortion." Russo told Warren Throckmorton, a columnist for the Washington Times. <ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20060120-091648-6456r.htm "Abortion and mental health"] January 21, 2005.</ref> Regarding the latter quote, it is reported that she actually said "it doesn't matter what the evidence says" but Throckmorton agreed to let her rephrase her comments after providing an advance copy of the article for her review.<ref>[http://www.afterabortion.info/news/APA.htm "Evidence Doesn't Matter" -- APA Spokesperson Says of Abortion Complications" Elliot Insitute Feb. 15, 2005</ref>		*"To pro-choice advocates, mental health effects are not relevant to the legal context of arguments to restrict access to abortion." Russo told Warren Throckmorton, a columnist for the Washington Times. <ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20060120-091648-6456r.htm "Abortion and mental health"] January 21, 2005.</ref> Regarding the latter quote, it is reported that she actually said "it doesn't matter what the evidence says" but Throckmorton agreed to let her rephrase her comments after providing an advance copy of the article for her review.<ref>[http://www.afterabortion.info/news/APA.htm "Evidence Doesn't Matter" -- APA Spokesperson Says of Abortion Complications" Elliot Insitute Feb. 15, 2005</ref>

Barb: /* Notable Statements by Russo */

2016-12-28T21:57:46Z

Notable Statements by Russo

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	*"To pro-choice advocates, mental health effects are not relevant to the legal context of arguments to restrict access to abortion." Russo told Warren Throckmorton, a columnist for the Washington Times. <ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20060120-091648-6456r.htm "Abortion and mental health"] January 21, 2005.</ref> Regarding the latter quote, it is reported that she actually said "it doesn't matter what the evidence says" but Throckmorton agreed to let her rephrase her comments after providing an advance copy of the article for her review.<ref>[http://www.afterabortion.info/news/APA.htm "Evidence Doesn't Matter" -- APA Spokesperson Says of Abortion Complications" Elliot Insitute Feb. 15, 2005</ref>		*"To pro-choice advocates, mental health effects are not relevant to the legal context of arguments to restrict access to abortion." Russo told Warren Throckmorton, a columnist for the Washington Times. <ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20060120-091648-6456r.htm "Abortion and mental health"] January 21, 2005.</ref> Regarding the latter quote, it is reported that she actually said "it doesn't matter what the evidence says" but Throckmorton agreed to let her rephrase her comments after providing an advance copy of the article for her review.<ref>[http://www.afterabortion.info/news/APA.htm "Evidence Doesn't Matter" -- APA Spokesperson Says of Abortion Complications" Elliot Insitute Feb. 15, 2005</ref>

	* Chair of the APA's Division 35, Task Force on Reproductive Issues, Russo made the following respponse to APA member Robert Gallagher who questioned the wisdom of the APA taking "a very clearly political stance by explicitly associating itself with the Pro-Choice Forum."<ref>http://www.apa.org/monitor/apr03/letters.~~html~~ RESPONSE FROM DIV. 35 TASK FORCE ON REPRODUCTIVE ISSUES:</ref>		* Chair of the APA's Division 35, Task Force on Reproductive Issues, Russo made the following respponse to APA member Robert Gallagher who questioned the wisdom of the APA taking "a very clearly political stance by explicitly associating itself with the Pro-Choice Forum."<ref>http://www.apa.org/monitor/apr03/letters.aspx RESPONSE FROM DIV. 35 TASK FORCE ON REPRODUCTIVE ISSUES:</ref>

	:ROBERT GALLAGHER'S STATEMENT has three problems: disregard of APA's history on abortion issues, naïveté about the role of values in science, and misconstrual of the pro-choice position for research on postabortion emotional responses.		:ROBERT GALLAGHER'S STATEMENT has three problems: disregard of APA's history on abortion issues, naïveté about the role of values in science, and misconstrual of the pro-choice position for research on postabortion emotional responses.

Barb at 14:22, 8 September 2010

2010-09-08T14:22:25Z

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	Nancy Russo is a research psychologist at Arizona State University. She is a self-described feminist and pro-choice activist. She was a member of the [APA Abortion Report \|APA Task Force on ~~Abortion~~ and Mental Health] which was chaired by [[Brenda Major]]. She has held a number of high level positions with the American Psychological Association (APA) in particular with relation to pro-choice and feminist issues. Here work has been funded by the Population Council, Family Planning. She was one of the founding members of Division 34 of the APA dealing with population control issues and abortion.<ref>[http://apa34.cos.ucf.edu/pepb/PEPB253.pdf Population & Environmental Psychology Bulletin. The Newsletter of Division 34 of the American Psychological Association Vol. 25, No. 3, Autumn, 1999]</ref>		Nancy Russo is a research psychologist at Arizona State University. She is a self-described feminist and pro-choice activist. She was a member of the [[APA Abortion Report\|APA's Task Force on Abotion and Mental Health]] which was chaired by [[Brenda Major]]. She has held a number of high level positions with the American Psychological Association (APA) in particular with relation to pro-choice and feminist issues. Here work has been funded by the Population Council, Family Planning. She was one of the founding members of Division 34 of the APA dealing with population control issues and abortion.<ref>[http://apa34.cos.ucf.edu/pepb/PEPB253.pdf Population & Environmental Psychology Bulletin. The Newsletter of Division 34 of the American Psychological Association Vol. 25, No. 3, Autumn, 1999]</ref>

	According to her own vitae, "Dr. Nancy Felipe Russo 's research interests are foucused around Gender, violence, and health (physical, mental, and reproductive); women’s education, work, and careers, particularly in STEM fields; Hispanic women's issues; ethnic minority issues; psychology, law, and public policy; relationships among scientists, educators, and policy makers, women's studies."[http://psychology.clas.asu.edu/russo]		According to her own vitae, "Dr. Nancy Felipe Russo 's research interests are foucused around Gender, violence, and health (physical, mental, and reproductive); women’s education, work, and careers, particularly in STEM fields; Hispanic women's issues; ethnic minority issues; psychology, law, and public policy; relationships among scientists, educators, and policy makers, women's studies."[http://psychology.clas.asu.edu/russo]

Barb: /* Peer Reviewed Publications Related to Abortion */

2010-09-08T14:21:15Z

Peer Reviewed Publications Related to Abortion

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	* In ''''[http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/32/9/321 Abortion and mental health]'''' Fergusson, DM. ''The Psychiatrist'' (2008) 32: 321-324. (editorial), Fergusson does not buy into Russo's claims that her NLSY study refutes the finding of Reardon in Cougle. He describes that her study "purported to show that, '''when a different sample selection method was employed,''' there was no significant association between abortion and depression (full sample OR=1.33, 95% CI 0.84-2.10)" (emphasis added). He also noted that Russo and other commentators failed to note that "the NLSY data contained three major flaws that prevented clear conclusions from being drawn." Reardon and Cougle, by contrast, had discussed this limitation.		* In ''''[http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/32/9/321 Abortion and mental health]'''' Fergusson, DM. ''The Psychiatrist'' (2008) 32: 321-324. (editorial), Fergusson does not buy into Russo's claims that her NLSY study refutes the finding of Reardon in Cougle. He describes that her study "purported to show that, '''when a different sample selection method was employed,''' there was no significant association between abortion and depression (full sample OR=1.33, 95% CI 0.84-2.10)" (emphasis added). He also noted that Russo and other commentators failed to note that "the NLSY data contained three major flaws that prevented clear conclusions from being drawn." Reardon and Cougle, by contrast, had discussed this limitation.

			==Commentary On Russo Comments and Causal Connections==
			[http://floridaindependent.com/7120/state-funded-pregnancy-clinics-disseminate-questionable-science-on-abortion From comments regarding Florida Independent article on Russo]

			:Nancy Russo is not an unbiased reviewer. She is a radical pro-abortion feminist who in 2004 told a Toledo Blade science reporter, Jenni Laidman, that "whether or not an abortion creates psychological difficulties is not relevant." Her own research was dismissed by the same APA panel she served on for more severe methodological flaws than the studies she dismisses.

			:She is on the forefront of the abortion-defense squad, doing everything she can to turn attention away from scores of well designed studies showing abortion is consistently statistically associated with negative emotional reactions, including substance abuse, elevated suicide rates, depression, anxiety, and more.

			:She is serving exactly the same role as experts defending the cigarette industry did when they continued to raise the standards of proof required to prove causal connections between smoking to lung disease. Statistical associations, they rightly asserted, do not PROVE causal connection. It's just possible there may be some other explanation for the statistical association. For example, smokers may just be more likely to be painters who inhale toxic fumes from paint.

			:The same strategy is being applied to the abortion debate. Deniers of mental health problems associated with abortion, led by Russo, cannot deny the fact that there are literally scores of studies showing significant statistical associations between abortion and mental health problems. So the only option left to them is to harp about the imperfections of the studies and focus on their last line of defense, the lack of definitive causal proof for each and every negative reaction that has been shown to be statistically linked to abortion.

			:That line of defense is impregnable because it is simply impossible to prove a causal connection between any voluntary act and subsequent mental health. You simply can't do a randomized, double blind study with abortion (assigning a random sample of women to be impregnated and a random subset aborted and the others required to carry to term).

			:As a result of this limitation, the simple fact is that every study has methodological weaknesses. Even the national record based studies in Finland showing that in the year following a pregnancy women who abort are six times more likely to commit suicide compared to women who give birth, can be dismissed as failing to prove that abortion, in and of itself was the sole cause of any of these suicides. Indeed, it is likely that abortion was not the sole cause of any of the suicides. On the other hand it is likely that it was a contributing cause to very many of these suicides.

			:Another fact that Russo ignores is that the issue of causal connections can be addressed not through statistical tests so much as by listening to women.

			:In the controversy about whether smoking causes lung disease, the assertion that a patient "knew" his cancer was caused by smoking (as opposed to painting) is not convincing because we can't self observe how our lungs are reacting to smoke and paint fumes.

			:But with regard to psychological distress, it is a different matter. People are self-aware. We can and do observe how our minds are reacting to our experiences and past decisions. We may not observe ourselves perfectly, and we may at times deceive ourselves. But it is certainly anti-scientific and opposed to all of the principles of psychology to universally dismiss the self-assessment of the millions of women who have had abortions who say their grief over a past abortion is the cause of their ongoing psychological distress.

			:The fact is that many women report something along the lines of: "I think about the abortion all the time. It makes me so depressed I think about suicide. I've tried to bury these feelings with alcohol."

			:In addition, the studies dismissed by Russo prove that such reports are not rare or isolated and, moreover, that these negative reactions are statistically associated with abortion in large samples of women.

			:Russo is essentially saying, "Ignore the smoke. Abortion can't cause fires because we know it is a basic human right of women to have an abortion if they choose. And if a few women complain, they are just whiners who have been guilt-tripped into becoming the foils for the opponents of abortion rights."

			:I just don't buy it. I believe the women who say their abortions caused mental anguish. And I believe the dozens of studies linking abortion to mental health problems are measuring real smoke caused by a real fire.


	==Peer Reviewed Publications Related to Abortion==		==Peer Reviewed Publications Related to Abortion==

Barb: /* Critiques of Studies By Russo */

2010-07-21T21:08:18Z

Critiques of Studies By Russo

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	* Her study ''Violence in the Lives of Women Having Abortions: Implications for Public Policy and Practice.''<ref>Russo, N. F. & *Denious, J. E. (2001). Violence in the Lives of Women Having Abortions: Implications for Public Policy and Practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32, 142-150.</ref> finds higher rates of depression associated with abortion. But she is able to make the suppress the significance of this association by controlling for exposure to violence. This is wrongly done, however, because she controls for both exposure to violence before and ''after'' the abortion. Since abortion may increases the risk of subsequent exposure to violence, it is inappropriate to control for a confounding effect that occurs after the abortion. Another problem is that the level of violence was not controlled for nor the duration or number of exposures to violence. For example, "refusing condom use" was included as one of the forms of violence. Any violence Still another major deficiency of the study is that it included only couples who were married or living together. Women who were not cohabitating at the time of the interview were excluded.		* Her study ''Violence in the Lives of Women Having Abortions: Implications for Public Policy and Practice.''<ref>Russo, N. F. & *Denious, J. E. (2001). Violence in the Lives of Women Having Abortions: Implications for Public Policy and Practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32, 142-150.</ref> finds higher rates of depression associated with abortion. But she is able to make the suppress the significance of this association by controlling for exposure to violence. This is wrongly done, however, because she controls for both exposure to violence before and ''after'' the abortion. Since abortion may increases the risk of subsequent exposure to violence, it is inappropriate to control for a confounding effect that occurs after the abortion. Another problem is that the level of violence was not controlled for nor the duration or number of exposures to violence. For example, "refusing condom use" was included as one of the forms of violence. Any violence Still another major deficiency of the study is that it included only couples who were married or living together. Women who were not cohabitating at the time of the interview were excluded.

			* In ''''[http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/32/9/321 Abortion and mental health]'''' Fergusson, DM. ''The Psychiatrist'' (2008) 32: 321-324. (editorial), Fergusson does not buy into Russo's claims that her NLSY study refutes the finding of Reardon in Cougle. He describes that her study "purported to show that, '''when a different sample selection method was employed,''' there was no significant association between abortion and depression (full sample OR=1.33, 95% CI 0.84-2.10)" (emphasis added). He also noted that Russo and other commentators failed to note that "the NLSY data contained three major flaws that prevented clear conclusions from being drawn." Reardon and Cougle, by contrast, had discussed this limitation.

	==Peer Reviewed Publications Related to Abortion==		==Peer Reviewed Publications Related to Abortion==

WikiSysop at 16:39, 9 June 2010

2010-06-09T16:39:53Z

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	Nancy Russo is a research psychologist at Arizona State University. She is a self-described feminist and pro-choice activist. She was a member of the [APA Abortion Report \|APA Task Force on Abortion and Mental Health] which was chaired by [[Brenda Major]]. She has held a number of high level positions with the American Psychological Association (APA) in particular with relation to pro-choice and feminist issues. Here work has been funded by the Population Council, Family Planning.		Nancy Russo is a research psychologist at Arizona State University. She is a self-described feminist and pro-choice activist. She was a member of the [APA Abortion Report \|APA Task Force on Abortion and Mental Health] which was chaired by [[Brenda Major]]. She has held a number of high level positions with the American Psychological Association (APA) in particular with relation to pro-choice and feminist issues. Here work has been funded by the Population Council, Family Planning. She was one of the founding members of Division 34 of the APA dealing with population control issues and abortion.<ref>[http://apa34.cos.ucf.edu/pepb/PEPB253.pdf Population & Environmental Psychology Bulletin. The Newsletter of Division 34 of the American Psychological Association Vol. 25, No. 3, Autumn, 1999]</ref>

	According to her own vitae, "Dr. Nancy Felipe Russo 's research interests are foucused around Gender, violence, and health (physical, mental, and reproductive); women’s education, work, and careers, particularly in STEM fields; Hispanic women's issues; ethnic minority issues; psychology, law, and public policy; relationships among scientists, educators, and policy makers, women's studies."[http://psychology.clas.asu.edu/russo]		According to her own vitae, "Dr. Nancy Felipe Russo 's research interests are foucused around Gender, violence, and health (physical, mental, and reproductive); women’s education, work, and careers, particularly in STEM fields; Hispanic women's issues; ethnic minority issues; psychology, law, and public policy; relationships among scientists, educators, and policy makers, women's studies."[http://psychology.clas.asu.edu/russo]

WikiSysop at 16:32, 9 June 2010

2010-06-09T16:32:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:32, 9 June 2010
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	Nancy Russo is a research psychologist at Arizona State University. She is a self-described feminist a pro-choice activist. She was a member of the [APA Abortion Report \|APA Task Force on Abortion and Mental Health] which was chaired by [[Brenda Major]]. She has held a number of high level positions with the American Psychological Association (APA) in particular with relation to pro-choice and feminist issues. Here work has been funded by the Population Council, Family Planning.		Nancy Russo is a research psychologist at Arizona State University. She is a self-described feminist and pro-choice activist. She was a member of the [APA Abortion Report \|APA Task Force on Abortion and Mental Health] which was chaired by [[Brenda Major]]. She has held a number of high level positions with the American Psychological Association (APA) in particular with relation to pro-choice and feminist issues. Here work has been funded by the Population Council, Family Planning.

	According to her own vitae, "Dr. Nancy Felipe Russo 's research interests are foucused around Gender, violence, and health (physical, mental, and reproductive); women’s education, work, and careers, particularly in STEM fields; Hispanic women's issues; ethnic minority issues; psychology, law, and public policy; relationships among scientists, educators, and policy makers, women's studies."[http://psychology.clas.asu.edu/russo]		According to her own vitae, "Dr. Nancy Felipe Russo 's research interests are foucused around Gender, violence, and health (physical, mental, and reproductive); women’s education, work, and careers, particularly in STEM fields; Hispanic women's issues; ethnic minority issues; psychology, law, and public policy; relationships among scientists, educators, and policy makers, women's studies."[http://psychology.clas.asu.edu/russo]

	==Statements by Russo==		==Notable Statements by Russo==

			The following statements demonstrate Russo's tendency to dismiss scientific evidence demonstrating a link between abortion and mental health problems in favor of a radical pro-choice ideology.

	*Nancy Russo was quoted in January 2004 by a science reporter from the Toledo Blade newspaper saying "As far as I'm concerned, whether or not an abortion creates psychological difficulties is not relevant...it means you give proper informed consent and you deal with it". <ref name="blade">[http://fionapinto.blogspot.com/2005/11/british-medical-journal-research-paper.html After decades of research, evaluating abortion's effect still difficult.] Jenni Laidman, Toledo Blade, January 22, 2004.</ref>		*Nancy Russo was quoted in January 2004 by a science reporter from the Toledo Blade newspaper saying "As far as I'm concerned, whether or not an abortion creates psychological difficulties is not relevant...it means you give proper informed consent and you deal with it". <ref name="blade">[http://fionapinto.blogspot.com/2005/11/british-medical-journal-research-paper.html After decades of research, evaluating abortion's effect still difficult.] Jenni Laidman, Toledo Blade, January 22, 2004.</ref>

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	From this response it is clear that Russo clearly believes the APA's political position on abortion as a civil right is warrant for pro-choice activism.		From this response it is clear that Russo clearly believes the APA's political position on abortion as a civil right is warrant for pro-choice activism.

			==Views on Abortion and Informed Consent and Screening==
	*In ''Abortion, Informed Consent, and Mental Health''<ref> Rubin, L. & Russo, N. F. (2002). [http://www.prochoiceforum.org.uk/psy_coun11.php Abortion, Informed Consent, and Mental Health.] Psychological Issues Section, ProChoice Forum</ref> By Nancy Felipe Russo and Lisa Rubin:		*In ''Abortion, Informed Consent, and Mental Health''<ref> Rubin, L. & Russo, N. F. (2002). [http://www.prochoiceforum.org.uk/psy_coun11.php Abortion, Informed Consent, and Mental Health.] Psychological Issues Section, ProChoice Forum</ref> By Nancy Felipe Russo and Lisa Rubin:
	::Abortion counseling should be "tailored to the patient's individual situation and needs....Relative risks of abortion versus its alternatives will differ depending on the context. ...Providing informed consent for mental health outcomes of a pregnant woman's options is complex, particularly when a major determinant of how a woman responds to an abortion is how she appraises the meaning of abortion and its alternatives. Abortion can be viewed as a profound threat, a coping tool, or both.		::Abortion counseling should be "tailored to the patient's individual situation and needs....Relative risks of abortion versus its alternatives will differ depending on the context. ...Providing informed consent for mental health outcomes of a pregnant woman's options is complex, particularly when a major determinant of how a woman responds to an abortion is how she appraises the meaning of abortion and its alternatives. Abortion can be viewed as a profound threat, a coping tool, or both.

WikiSysop: /* Critiques of Studies By Russo */

2010-06-09T16:29:02Z

Critiques of Studies By Russo

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	*[http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/331/7528/1303#130477 Obscuring the Suffering of Women and Compromising Science]		*[http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/331/7528/1303#130477 Obscuring the Suffering of Women and Compromising Science]

			* Her study ''Violence in the Lives of Women Having Abortions: Implications for Public Policy and Practice.''<ref>Russo, N. F. & *Denious, J. E. (2001). Violence in the Lives of Women Having Abortions: Implications for Public Policy and Practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32, 142-150.</ref> finds higher rates of depression associated with abortion. But she is able to make the suppress the significance of this association by controlling for exposure to violence. This is wrongly done, however, because she controls for both exposure to violence before and ''after'' the abortion. Since abortion may increases the risk of subsequent exposure to violence, it is inappropriate to control for a confounding effect that occurs after the abortion. Another problem is that the level of violence was not controlled for nor the duration or number of exposures to violence. For example, "refusing condom use" was included as one of the forms of violence. Any violence Still another major deficiency of the study is that it included only couples who were married or living together. Women who were not cohabitating at the time of the interview were excluded.

	==Peer Reviewed Publications Related to Abortion==		==Peer Reviewed Publications Related to Abortion==

WikiSysop: /* Statements by Russo */

2010-06-09T16:06:26Z

Statements by Russo

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 9 June 2010
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	From this response it is clear that Russo clearly believes the APA's political position on abortion as a civil right is warrant for pro-choice activism.		From this response it is clear that Russo clearly believes the APA's political position on abortion as a civil right is warrant for pro-choice activism.

	:In Abortion, Informed Consent, and Mental Health<ref>http://www.prochoiceforum.org.uk/psy_coun11.php</ref> By Nancy Felipe Russo and Lisa Rubin:		*In ''Abortion, Informed Consent, and Mental Health''<ref> Rubin, L. & Russo, N. F. (2002). [http://www.prochoiceforum.org.uk/psy_coun11.php Abortion, Informed Consent, and Mental Health.] Psychological Issues Section, ProChoice Forum</ref> By Nancy Felipe Russo and Lisa Rubin:
	::Abortion counseling should be "tailored to the patient's individual situation and needs....Relative risks of abortion versus its alternatives will differ depending on the context. ...Providing informed consent for mental health outcomes of a pregnant woman's options is complex, particularly when a major determinant of how a woman responds to an abortion is how she appraises the meaning of abortion and its alternatives. Abortion can be viewed as a profound threat, a coping tool, or both.		::Abortion counseling should be "tailored to the patient's individual situation and needs....Relative risks of abortion versus its alternatives will differ depending on the context. ...Providing informed consent for mental health outcomes of a pregnant woman's options is complex, particularly when a major determinant of how a woman responds to an abortion is how she appraises the meaning of abortion and its alternatives. Abortion can be viewed as a profound threat, a coping tool, or both.
	::These findings have profound implications for the informed consent process as well as effective prevention and intervention. They point to the importance of providing informed consent in ways that will help women to understand the role their appraisal process plays in shaping their psychological responses to however they choose to resolve their pregnancy.		::These findings have profound implications for the informed consent process as well as effective prevention and intervention. They point to the importance of providing informed consent in ways that will help women to understand the role their appraisal process plays in shaping their psychological responses to however they choose to resolve their pregnancy.