Risk factors - Revision history

Barb: /* Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion */

2026-04-03T14:11:13Z

Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:11, 3 April 2026
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	==Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion==		==Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion==

			'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41928440/ Identifying underlying factors in risk factors and emotional sequelae self-attributed to abortion: development and validation of a brief assessment tool]. Reardon DC. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2026 Dec 31;47(1):2654140. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2026.2654140. Epub 2026 Apr 2. PMID: 41928440.'''<blockquote>'''Background:''' Risk factors for adverse emotional and psychological reactions to abortion have not been studied for their interactions. This study used factor analytic methods to develop concise screening scales for pre-abortion risk and post-abortion outcomes.

			'''Methods:''' A topic-blind electronic survey was administered to a random sample of U.S. women aged 41-45. Among 2,191 respondents with reproductive histories, 466 (21.3%) reported a prior induced abortion; 409 completed the full survey. Participants rated 10 risk-factor and 25 outcome statements using 0-100 visual analog scales. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified latent constructs, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested model fit, and structural equation modeling (SEM) assessed relationships between risk and outcome factors.

			'''Results:''' Risk-factor EFA supported two domains: attachment/support and internal conflict. Outcome EFA identified three domains: internalized distress, intrusive symptoms, and behavioral risks. CFA demonstrated good fit (CFI > .90; RMSEA < .08). SEM showed attachment/support more strongly predicted internalized distress (''β'' = .65), intrusive symptoms (''β'' = .58), and behavioral risks (''β'' = .34) than internal conflict (''β'' = .21-.30). Attachment/support and behavioral risks predicted greater survey-related stress (R² = .30).

			'''Conclusions:''' Two core risk dimensions predict post-abortion emotional and behavioral outcomes, supporting further development of factor-based screening tools for counseling.</blockquote>


	'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969621 Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study.] Wallin Lundell I1,2, Sundström Poromaa I3, Ekselius L4, Georgsson S5,6, Frans Ö7, Helström L8, Högberg U3, Skoog Svanberg A3. ''BMC Womens Health.'' 2017 Oct 2;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0417-8.'''		'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969621 Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study.] Wallin Lundell I1,2, Sundström Poromaa I3, Ekselius L4, Georgsson S5,6, Frans Ö7, Helström L8, Högberg U3, Skoog Svanberg A3. ''BMC Womens Health.'' 2017 Oct 2;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0417-8.'''

Barb: /* Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion */

2026-03-27T16:01:52Z

Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:01, 27 March 2026
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	''Broen AN, Moum T, Bodtker AS, Ekeberg O: Reasons for induced abortion and their relation to women's emotional distress: a prospective, two-year follow-up study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2005, 27:36-43.''		''Broen AN, Moum T, Bodtker AS, Ekeberg O: Reasons for induced abortion and their relation to women's emotional distress: a prospective, two-year follow-up study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2005, 27:36-43.''
	:Pressure from the male partner was significantly associated with more negative emotional reactions following an abortion.		:Pressure from the male partner was significantly associated with more negative emotional reactions following an abortion.



			'''''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/reactions-to-abortion-and-subsequent-mental-health/667F92342F6A90F4FB3F8235187F7DBB Reactions to abortion and subsequent mental health.] Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Boden JM. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Nov;195(5):420-6.'''''
			: BACKGROUND: There has been continued interest in the extent to which women have positive and negative reactions to abortion. AIMS: To document emotional reactions to abortion, and to examine the links between reactions to abortion and subsequent mental health outcomes.
			: METHOD: Data were gathered on the pregnancy and mental health history of a birth cohort of over 500 women studied to the age of 30.
			: RESULTS: Abortion was associated with high rates of both positive and negative emotional reactions; however, '''nearly 90% of respondents believed that the abortion was the right decision'''. Analyses showed that the number of '''negative responses to the abortion was associated with increased levels of subsequent mental health disorders (P<0.05)'''. Further analyses suggested that, after adjustment for confounding, '''those having an abortion and reporting negative reactions had rates of mental health disorders that were approximately 1.4-1.8 times higher than those not having an abortion'''.
			: CONCLUSIONS: Abortion was associated with both positive and negative emotional reactions. The extent of negative emotional reactions appeared to modify the links between abortion and subsequent mental health problems.
			: NOTE: '''>85% reported at least one negative emotional reaction; >55% reported at least one strong (“very much”) negative reaction.''' According to the authors: "These findings clearly suggested that unwanted pregnancy leading to abortion was likely to be a risk factor for subsequent mental health problems, whereas unwanted pregnancy leading to live birth was not a risk factor for these problems."

	==Risk Factors for Multiple Abortions==		==Risk Factors for Multiple Abortions==

Barb: /* Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion */

2017-11-06T19:16:05Z

Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 6 November 2017
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	'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969621 Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study.] Wallin Lundell I1,2, Sundström Poromaa I3, Ekselius L4, Georgsson S5,6, Frans Ö7, Helström L8, Högberg U3, Skoog Svanberg A3. ''BMC Womens Health.'' 2017 Oct 2;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0417-8.'''		'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969621 Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study.] Wallin Lundell I1,2, Sundström Poromaa I3, Ekselius L4, Georgsson S5,6, Frans Ö7, Helström L8, Högberg U3, Skoog Svanberg A3. ''BMC Womens Health.'' 2017 Oct 2;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0417-8.'''

	:Among 512 women with no PTSD symptoms, 9.4% experienced all the criteria necessary for a PTSD diagnosis by the three or six month post-abortion assessment. Pre-abortion screening for higher neuroticism-related personality traits can be used to identify the women at greatest risk of abortion associated PTSD.		:Among 512 women with no PTSD symptoms, 9.4% experienced all the criteria necessary for a PTSD diagnosis by the three or six month post-abortion assessment. Pre-abortion screening for higher neuroticism-related personality traits can be used to identify the women at greatest risk of abortion associated PTSD. This finding is consistent with [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14744527/ other studies showing neurotisicm being associated with greater susceptibility to PTSD].

Barb: /* Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion */

2017-11-06T19:12:36Z

Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, 6 November 2017
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	==Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion==		==Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion==

	'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969621 Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study. Wallin Lundell I1,2, Sundström Poromaa I3, Ekselius L4, Georgsson S5,6, Frans Ö7, Helström L8, Högberg U3, Skoog Svanberg A3. ''BMC Womens Health.'' 2017 Oct 2;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0417-8.'''		'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969621 Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study.] Wallin Lundell I1,2, Sundström Poromaa I3, Ekselius L4, Georgsson S5,6, Frans Ö7, Helström L8, Högberg U3, Skoog Svanberg A3. ''BMC Womens Health.'' 2017 Oct 2;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0417-8.'''

	:Among 512 women with no PTSD symptoms, 9.4% experienced all the criteria necessary for a PTSD diagnosis by the three or six month post-abortion assessment. Pre-abortion screening for higher neuroticism-related personality traits can be used to identify the women at greatest risk of abortion associated PTSD.		:Among 512 women with no PTSD symptoms, 9.4% experienced all the criteria necessary for a PTSD diagnosis by the three or six month post-abortion assessment. Pre-abortion screening for higher neuroticism-related personality traits can be used to identify the women at greatest risk of abortion associated PTSD.

Barb: /* Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion */

2017-11-06T19:11:56Z

Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:11, 6 November 2017
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	==Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion==		==Additional Research Regarding Risk Factors for Adverse Emotional Consequences of Abortion==

			'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969621 Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study. Wallin Lundell I1,2, Sundström Poromaa I3, Ekselius L4, Georgsson S5,6, Frans Ö7, Helström L8, Högberg U3, Skoog Svanberg A3. ''BMC Womens Health.'' 2017 Oct 2;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0417-8.'''

			:Among 512 women with no PTSD symptoms, 9.4% experienced all the criteria necessary for a PTSD diagnosis by the three or six month post-abortion assessment. Pre-abortion screening for higher neuroticism-related personality traits can be used to identify the women at greatest risk of abortion associated PTSD.

Barb: /* Pre-Abortion and Post-Abortion Screening Recommendations */

2016-12-21T19:22:20Z

Pre-Abortion and Post-Abortion Screening Recommendations

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:22, 21 December 2016
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	*Miller WB, Pasta DJ, Dean CL. Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion. In: The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion. Vol ; 1998:235-267. doi:10.1037/10302-010.		*Miller WB, Pasta DJ, Dean CL. Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion. In: The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion. Vol ; 1998:235-267. doi:10.1037/10302-010.

			*Steinberg JR, McCulloch CE, Adler NE. Abortion and mental health: findings from the national comorbidity survey-replication. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(2 Pt 1):263-270. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000092.
			:"Women seeking abortions may be at higher risk of prior untreated mental health disorders and the abortion care setting may be an important intervention point for mental health screening and referrals."

			*Lask B. Short term psychiatric sequelae to therapeutic termination of pregnancy. Br J Psychiatry. 1975;126(2):173-177. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0016745377&partnerID=tZOtx3y1.

			*Major B, Cozzarelli C. Psychosocial predictors of adjustment to abortion. J Soc Issues. 1992. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00900.x/abstract. Accessed November 30, 2016.

			*Belsey EM, Greer HS, Lal S, Lewis SC, Beard RW. Predictive factors in emotional response to abortion: King’s termination study--IV. Soc Sci Med. 1977;11(2):71-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/594780. Accessed December 20, 2016.

	==Recommendations for Funding Major Longitudinal Studies==		==Recommendations for Funding Major Longitudinal Studies==

Barb: /* Pre-Abortion and Post-Abortion Screening Recommendations */

2016-12-06T21:40:27Z

Pre-Abortion and Post-Abortion Screening Recommendations

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, 6 December 2016
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	*Miller WB, Pasta DJ, Dean CL. Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion. In: The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion. Vol ; 1998:235-267. doi:10.1037/10302-010.		*Miller WB, Pasta DJ, Dean CL. Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion. In: The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion. Vol ; 1998:235-267. doi:10.1037/10302-010.


			==Recommendations for Funding Major Longitudinal Studies==

			*Miller WB, Pasta DJ, Dean CL. Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion. In: The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion. Vol ; 1998:235-267. doi:10.1037/10302-010.

			*Fergusson, David.

	==Recommendation for Routine Psychological Screening of Pregnant Women==		==Recommendation for Routine Psychological Screening of Pregnant Women==

Barb: /* Pre-Abortion Screening Recommendations */

2016-12-06T21:38:35Z

Pre-Abortion Screening Recommendations

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:38, 6 December 2016
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	Clearly, this recommendation should extend to abortion providers as there is ample evidence that pregnant women are more likely to face coercion to have an unwanted abortion which can escalate to acts of violence.		Clearly, this recommendation should extend to abortion providers as there is ample evidence that pregnant women are more likely to face coercion to have an unwanted abortion which can escalate to acts of violence.

	==Pre-Abortion Screening Recommendations==		==Pre-Abortion and Post-Abortion Screening Recommendations==

	*Miller WB, Pasta DJ, Dean CL. Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion. In: The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion. Vol ; 1998:235-267. doi:10.1037/10302-010.		*Miller WB, Pasta DJ, Dean CL. Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion. In: The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion. Vol ; 1998:235-267. doi:10.1037/10302-010.

Barb: /* Screening for Coercion */

2016-12-06T21:37:30Z

Screening for Coercion

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 6 December 2016
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	Clearly, this recommendation should extend to abortion providers as there is ample evidence that pregnant women are more likely to face coercion to have an unwanted abortion which can escalate to acts of violence.		Clearly, this recommendation should extend to abortion providers as there is ample evidence that pregnant women are more likely to face coercion to have an unwanted abortion which can escalate to acts of violence.

			==Pre-Abortion Screening Recommendations==

			*Miller WB, Pasta DJ, Dean CL. Testing a model of the psychological consequences of abortion. In: The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion. Vol ; 1998:235-267. doi:10.1037/10302-010.

	==Recommendation for Routine Psychological Screening of Pregnant Women==		==Recommendation for Routine Psychological Screening of Pregnant Women==

Barb: /* Other Literature Identifying Risk Factors */

2016-11-15T16:57:37Z

Other Literature Identifying Risk Factors

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 15 November 2016
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	'''Psychosocial consequences of therapeutic abortion. King's termination study III. Greer HS, Lal S, Lewis SC, Belsey EM, Beard RW. Br J Psychiatry 1976;128:74-9.'''		'''Psychosocial consequences of therapeutic abortion. King's termination study III. Greer HS, Lal S, Lewis SC, Belsey EM, Beard RW. Br J Psychiatry 1976;128:74-9.'''


			==Other Medical Procedures Preceded by Screening==
			See [http://abortionrisks.org/index.php?title=Abortion_Counseling#Screening_For_Other_Elective_Surgeries Screening For Other Elective Surgeries]