Turn Away Study - Revision history

Barb: /* Other Critiques */

2026-08-06T14:15:30Z

Other Critiques

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	== Other Critiques ==		== Other Critiques ==
			[https://lozierinstitute.org/fact-sheet-problems-and-limits-of-the-turnaway-study/ Fact Sheet: Problems and Limits of the Turnaway Study]

	[https://afterabortion.org/theyre-still-trying-to-disprove-post-abortion-trauma-syndrome/ They're Still Trying to Disprove Post-Abortion Trauma Syndrome]		[https://afterabortion.org/theyre-still-trying-to-disprove-post-abortion-trauma-syndrome/ They're Still Trying to Disprove Post-Abortion Trauma Syndrome]

Barb: /* Denying an Abortion Does No Harm, Most are Happy to Have Child */

2026-08-06T14:11:26Z

Denying an Abortion Does No Harm, Most are Happy to Have Child

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	*p109-There is no mental health harm from being denied an abortion. In fact, the majority of women who were denied abortions reported feeling happy at that result (p121).		*p109-There is no mental health harm from being denied an abortion. In fact, the majority of women who were denied abortions reported feeling happy at that result (p121).

	*p109-Foster was surprised to find that women who were denied abortions had no additional mental health harm. "I expected that raising a child one wasn't planning to have might be associated with depression or anxiety. But this is not what we found over the long run. Carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term was not associated with mental health harm. Women are resilient to the experience of giving birth following an unwanted pregnancy, at least in terms of their mental health."		*p109-Foster was surprised to find that '''women who were denied abortions had no additional mental health harm.''' "I expected that raising a child one wasn't planning to have might be associated with depression or anxiety. But this is not what we found over the long run. '''Carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term was not associated with mental health harm.''' Women are resilient to the experience of giving birth following an unwanted pregnancy, at least in terms of their mental health."

	*P109- In an effort to salvage that narrative that denying abortion "hurts" women, she can only point to a single finding just one week after women sought an abortion showing that Turnaways had somewhat higher rates of anxiety compared to women who aborted a week earlier. But at that same time, the women who aborted reported higher rates of sadness, guilt and depression than the turnaways. Bottom line: the Turnaway Study actually supports the idea that banning abortions would not cause any significant mental health harm to women. In fact, just one week after going to the clinic, '''60% of those who were still pregnant reported being happy about their pregnancy''' compared to just 27% of those who had abortions. Among those who had near term abortions, 62% reported feeling guilty compared to just 30% of the Turnaways.		*P109- In an effort to salvage that narrative that denying abortion "hurts" women, she can only point to a single finding just one week after women sought an abortion showing that Turnaways had somewhat higher rates of anxiety compared to women who aborted a week earlier. But at that same time, the women who aborted reported higher rates of sadness, guilt and depression than the turnaways. Bottom line: the Turnaway Study actually supports the idea that banning abortions would not cause any significant mental health harm to women. In fact, just one week after going to the clinic, '''60% of those who were still pregnant reported being happy about their pregnancy''' compared to just 27% of those who had abortions. Among those who had near term abortions, 62% reported feeling guilty compared to just 30% of the Turnaways.

Barb: /* Other Criticisms */

2025-11-21T15:20:02Z

Other Criticisms

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	They also ignore the likelihood that the high dropout rate may have helped to reduce the suicidality measured over time, if the most distressed women were most likely to drop out. Notably, they do include an "attrition analysis" in which they assert that in testing scores related to depression, anxiety, history of child abuse and past-year intimate partner violence were not significantly associated with loss to follow-up (though they withheld the data). But why in the world did they not report whether suicidality was associated with dropouts---unless it was associated with dropouts and they wanted to distract readers with an offering of other variables for which it is not associated. This is almost surely truly a tell.		They also ignore the likelihood that the high dropout rate may have helped to reduce the suicidality measured over time, if the most distressed women were most likely to drop out. Notably, they do include an "attrition analysis" in which they assert that in testing scores related to depression, anxiety, history of child abuse and past-year intimate partner violence were not significantly associated with loss to follow-up (though they withheld the data). But why in the world did they not report whether suicidality was associated with dropouts---unless it was associated with dropouts and they wanted to distract readers with an offering of other variables for which it is not associated. This is almost surely truly a tell.

	=~~Other~~ Criticisms=		=Peer Reviewed Criticisms of the Turnaway Studies=

			[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161227/ The Embrace of the Proabortion Turnaway Study: Wishful Thinking? or Willful Deceptions?]

	[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11559533/ A Forensic Investigation and Critique of Suicidal Ideation Reported in a Turnaway Study]		[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11559533/ A Forensic Investigation and Critique of Suicidal Ideation Reported in a Turnaway Study]
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	[https://doi.org/10.70257/twgf1217 Turnaway Study Report Unethically Violated Participants' Privacy and Misleads Public with a Non-Representative Sample, Selective Reporting, and Overstated Conclusions]		[https://doi.org/10.70257/twgf1217 Turnaway Study Report Unethically Violated Participants' Privacy and Misleads Public with a Non-Representative Sample, Selective Reporting, and Overstated Conclusions]

			[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361369761_The_Turnaway_Study_A_Case_of_Self-Correction_in_Science_Upended_by_Political_Motivation_and_Unvetted_Findings The Turnaway Study: A Case of Self-Correction in Science Upended by Political Motivation and Unvetted Findings]

			== Other Critiques ==
	[https://afterabortion.org/theyre-still-trying-to-disprove-post-abortion-trauma-syndrome/ They're Still Trying to Disprove Post-Abortion Trauma Syndrome]		[https://afterabortion.org/theyre-still-trying-to-disprove-post-abortion-trauma-syndrome/ They're Still Trying to Disprove Post-Abortion Trauma Syndrome]

Barb: /* Other Criticisms */

2025-11-20T23:35:57Z

Other Criticisms

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	=Other Criticisms=		=Other Criticisms=

			[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11559533/ A Forensic Investigation and Critique of Suicidal Ideation Reported in a Turnaway Study]

			[https://doi.org/10.70257/twgf1217 Turnaway Study Report Unethically Violated Participants' Privacy and Misleads Public with a Non-Representative Sample, Selective Reporting, and Overstated Conclusions]

	[https://afterabortion.org/theyre-still-trying-to-disprove-post-abortion-trauma-syndrome/ They're Still Trying to Disprove Post-Abortion Trauma Syndrome]		[https://afterabortion.org/theyre-still-trying-to-disprove-post-abortion-trauma-syndrome/ They're Still Trying to Disprove Post-Abortion Trauma Syndrome]

Barb: /* Economic Differences */

2025-11-20T23:34:21Z

Economic Differences

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	*Note: There is evidence from [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347618312976 one of their papers] indicating that women in the Turnaway group were economically worse off at the baseline. Therefore, any economic differences observed at 4.5 years after seeking an abortion may have predated the pregnancy. In addition, as mentioned previously, there is a lot of self-selection bias in the Turnaway samples. It is well known that women who anticipate more problems dealing with their abortion are less likely to participate in surveys. Since the Turnaway group did not have an abortion, it is likely they felt less anxiety in dealing with subsequent surveys. Also, the promise of a $50 gift card with each interview was likely most tempting to those who were worse off financially. Both of these factors may have contributed to a distortion of the sample toward poorer women.		*Note: There is evidence from [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347618312976 one of their papers] indicating that women in the Turnaway group were economically worse off at the baseline. Therefore, any economic differences observed at 4.5 years after seeking an abortion may have predated the pregnancy. In addition, as mentioned previously, there is a lot of self-selection bias in the Turnaway samples. It is well known that women who anticipate more problems dealing with their abortion are less likely to participate in surveys. Since the Turnaway group did not have an abortion, it is likely they felt less anxiety in dealing with subsequent surveys. Also, the promise of a $50 gift card with each interview was likely most tempting to those who were worse off financially. Both of these factors may have contributed to a distortion of the sample toward poorer women.
			*Regarding any alleged economic harms to being denied an abortion, It is important to examine this peer-reviewed critique [https://doi.org/10.70257/twgf1217 Turnaway Study Report Unethically Violated Participants' Privacy and Misleads Public with a Non-Representative Sample, Selective Reporting, and Overstated Conclusions]
			**"Results from the Turnaway Study, conducted by Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSRH), have widely been represented as definitive proof that women denied access to abortion will suffer severe injury to their health and economic wellbeing. Yet a careful examination reveals that the study is based on a non-random, non-representative sample of women that grossly underrepresents the experiences of the majority of women undergoing abortions. In addition, a reanalysis of its reported results reveal that the effect size of the outcomes observed have been grossly overstated, leading to conclusions that are not supported by the results. There also appears to be selective reporting and misrepresentation of results previously published. In addition, inconsistencies in ANSRH's published record strongly suggest that the credit history reports of the Turnaway Study participants were obtained without their informed consent."

	===Subsequent Educational Attainment===		===Subsequent Educational Attainment===
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	*p181 - Looking at education, Foster could find no differences in the high school graduation rates between those who aborted and turnaways. Regarding advance degrees, the two groups were also similar in terms of completing advance degrees but turnaways (most of whom had additional child care responsibilities) were more likely to seek lower level degrees which required less time commitment during the 4.5 years they were followed.		*p181 - Looking at education, Foster could find no differences in the high school graduation rates between those who aborted and turnaways. Regarding advance degrees, the two groups were also similar in terms of completing advance degrees but turnaways (most of whom had additional child care responsibilities) were more likely to seek lower level degrees which required less time commitment during the 4.5 years they were followed.

	*p185 - Foster concludes this chapter with another overly broad, unsupported, and unqualified ~~politicizied~~ assertion. "The Turnaway Study shows that women who are denied wanted abortions scale back their short-term plans and suffer economic hardship for years." But the scaling back of short term plans is based on a single question one week after being turned away while women are still trying to sort out their futures. Many of them also report being happy that they will now focus on having their babies, while others are in fact seeking abortions at other clinics, perhaps in other states. And the claim that they "suffer economic hardship for years" measures out to having a 2% lower credit score! She is clearly exaggerating the meanings of both "suffer" and "economic hardship."		*p185 - Foster concludes this chapter with another overly broad, unsupported, and unqualified politicized assertion. "The Turnaway Study shows that women who are denied wanted abortions scale back their short-term plans and suffer economic hardship for years." But the scaling back of short term plans is based on a single question one week after being turned away while women are still trying to sort out their futures. Many of them also report being happy that they will now focus on having their babies, while others are in fact seeking abortions at other clinics, perhaps in other states. And the claim that they "suffer economic hardship for years" measures out to having a 2% lower credit score! She is clearly exaggerating the meanings of both "suffer" and "economic hardship."

	==Chapter 6 - Children==		==Chapter 6 - Children==

Barb: /* Non-Representative Sample */

2025-01-30T20:07:22Z

Non-Representative Sample

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	#Women who had abortions due to suspected fetal anomalies were excluded. Probably because research shows high rates of psychological disruption after abortion in these types of cases, therefore excluding this segment of women was a way to reduce the effects associated with abortion. This is extremely misleading, of course, since this is a common reason for abortion . . . especially in the second and third trimester.		#Women who had abortions due to suspected fetal anomalies were excluded. Probably because research shows high rates of psychological disruption after abortion in these types of cases, therefore excluding this segment of women was a way to reduce the effects associated with abortion. This is extremely misleading, of course, since this is a common reason for abortion . . . especially in the second and third trimester.
	#A low participation rate will often result in automatic rejection of studies by many medical journals. For example, the journal ''Obstetrics & Gynecology'' requires a minimum response rate of 60% or higher, twice that of the TurnAway Study.		#A low participation rate will often result in automatic rejection of studies by many medical journals. For example, the journal ''Obstetrics & Gynecology'' requires a minimum response rate of 60% or higher, twice that of the TurnAway Study.
			#The actual question women were asked was “Given your situation, was the decision to have an abortion the right decision for you?” They were not given a scale to show degrees of agreement or disagreement. The only options were yes, no, or don't know. For the purposes of their analyses, "don't know" was treated as no. But in any event the preable, "Given your situation," essentially turned the question into "Did you make the best decision you could, given your situation?"
			#The claim that 98% are satisfied with their decision (based on this binary assessment) is in sharp contrast to a study by [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/481643#yoa8222t3 Brenda Major], another pro-abortion researcher. In her study the related question was phrased very differently. "Three hundred six (69%) of 441 women said they would definitely or probably have the abortion again if they had to make the decision over; 84 (19%) of 441 said that they would definitely not or probably not; and 51 (12%) of 441 were undecided." Note, Major does not report the "definitely" and "probably" groups separately. They are collapsed to imply greater certainty than "probably" entails. According to Major's paper, the details of the question were "At T4, women were asked, "If you had the decision to make over again under the same circumstances that you were in 2 years ago, would you make the same decision to have the abortion?" They responded on a scale from 1 (definitely no) to 5 (definitely yes)."

	=====Misrepresentation of Study Design=====		=====Misrepresentation of Study Design=====

WikiSysop: /* Suicidal Thoughts */

2024-03-25T19:07:42Z

Suicidal Thoughts

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	In this study the authors conclude "Levels of suicidal ideation were similarly low between women who had abortions and women who were denied abortions. Policies requiring that women be warned that they are at increased risk of becoming suicidal if they choose abortion are not evidence based." But once again, their reporting and conclusions are selectively chosen to distract readers from findings which actually show higher rates of suicidality among the abortion women. In Table 2, the average mean score on the suicidality scale over the full five years was significantly lower for the Turnaway Birth Group (0.67) as compared to both the first trimester abortion group (0.88) and the near-limit abortion (0.94) at one week after going to the abortion clinic. This was also true at the first interview, one week after being invited to participate at the abortion clinic: Turnaway Birth Group (1.29), first trimester abortion group (1.53) and the near-limit abortion (1.92), and for the Turnaway Group still seeking abortion (2.02). Yet, while this difference is shown in the tables, it is never discussed, Instead, the authors focus on the decline in suicidality scores across the five years and assert that since there is a similar decline in rates, that means that abortion is not associated with suicidality. Which is clearly not even logically true. Much less, it ignores the fact that suicidality was significnatly associated with abortions at numerous points in sequence of surveys.		In this study the authors conclude "Levels of suicidal ideation were similarly low between women who had abortions and women who were denied abortions. Policies requiring that women be warned that they are at increased risk of becoming suicidal if they choose abortion are not evidence based." But once again, their reporting and conclusions are selectively chosen to distract readers from findings which actually show higher rates of suicidality among the abortion women. In Table 2, the average mean score on the suicidality scale over the full five years was significantly lower for the Turnaway Birth Group (0.67) as compared to both the first trimester abortion group (0.88) and the near-limit abortion (0.94) at one week after going to the abortion clinic. This was also true at the first interview, one week after being invited to participate at the abortion clinic: Turnaway Birth Group (1.29), first trimester abortion group (1.53) and the near-limit abortion (1.92), and for the Turnaway Group still seeking abortion (2.02). Yet, while this difference is shown in the tables, it is never discussed, Instead, the authors focus on the decline in suicidality scores across the five years and assert that since there is a similar decline in rates, that means that abortion is not associated with suicidality. Which is clearly not even logically true. Much less, it ignores the fact that suicidality was significnatly associated with abortions at numerous points in sequence of surveys.

			Notably, Table 3 also shows the birth group having the lowest risk of suicidality, but they try to justify ignoring this finding by computations of the 95% confidence intervals which reveal that their data set is so small that their confidence intervals have a huge range, for example for the Turnaway birth group, the OR=1.07 95% CI = 0.14 to 8.01. What that huge range means is that their data set is simply too small to detect any effects.

	They also ignore the likelihood that the high dropout rate may have helped to reduce the suicidality measured over time, if the most distressed women were most likely to drop out. Notably, they do include an "attrition analysis" in which they assert that in testing scores related to depression, anxiety, history of child abuse and past-year intimate partner violence were not significantly associated with loss to follow-up (though they withheld the data). But why in the world did they not report whether suicidality was associated with dropouts---unless it was associated with dropouts and they wanted to distract readers with an offering of other variables for which it is not associated. This is almost surely truly a tell.		They also ignore the likelihood that the high dropout rate may have helped to reduce the suicidality measured over time, if the most distressed women were most likely to drop out. Notably, they do include an "attrition analysis" in which they assert that in testing scores related to depression, anxiety, history of child abuse and past-year intimate partner violence were not significantly associated with loss to follow-up (though they withheld the data). But why in the world did they not report whether suicidality was associated with dropouts---unless it was associated with dropouts and they wanted to distract readers with an offering of other variables for which it is not associated. This is almost surely truly a tell.

WikiSysop: /* Other Criticisms */

2024-03-25T18:57:54Z

Other Criticisms

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	*"[https://www.mercatornet.com/features/view/the-continuing-saga-of-efforts-to-deny-the-heartache-of-abortion/19163 The continuing saga of efforts to deny the heartache of abortion]," by Priscilla Coleman		*"[https://www.mercatornet.com/features/view/the-continuing-saga-of-efforts-to-deny-the-heartache-of-abortion/19163 The continuing saga of efforts to deny the heartache of abortion]," by Priscilla Coleman

			= Suicidal Thoughts =
			'''Biggs MA, Gould H, Barar RE, Foster DG. [https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18010091?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Five-year suicidal ideation trajectories among women receiving or being denied an abortion.] Am J Psychiatry 2018;175:845–52. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18010091</nowiki>.'''


			In this study the authors conclude "Levels of suicidal ideation were similarly low between women who had abortions and women who were denied abortions. Policies requiring that women be warned that they are at increased risk of becoming suicidal if they choose abortion are not evidence based." But once again, their reporting and conclusions are selectively chosen to distract readers from findings which actually show higher rates of suicidality among the abortion women. In Table 2, the average mean score on the suicidality scale over the full five years was significantly lower for the Turnaway Birth Group (0.67) as compared to both the first trimester abortion group (0.88) and the near-limit abortion (0.94) at one week after going to the abortion clinic. This was also true at the first interview, one week after being invited to participate at the abortion clinic: Turnaway Birth Group (1.29), first trimester abortion group (1.53) and the near-limit abortion (1.92), and for the Turnaway Group still seeking abortion (2.02). Yet, while this difference is shown in the tables, it is never discussed, Instead, the authors focus on the decline in suicidality scores across the five years and assert that since there is a similar decline in rates, that means that abortion is not associated with suicidality. Which is clearly not even logically true. Much less, it ignores the fact that suicidality was significnatly associated with abortions at numerous points in sequence of surveys.


			They also ignore the likelihood that the high dropout rate may have helped to reduce the suicidality measured over time, if the most distressed women were most likely to drop out. Notably, they do include an "attrition analysis" in which they assert that in testing scores related to depression, anxiety, history of child abuse and past-year intimate partner violence were not significantly associated with loss to follow-up (though they withheld the data). But why in the world did they not report whether suicidality was associated with dropouts---unless it was associated with dropouts and they wanted to distract readers with an offering of other variables for which it is not associated. This is almost surely truly a tell.

	=Other Criticisms=		=Other Criticisms=

Barb: /* Inconsistencies regarding mental health */

2021-04-07T14:33:37Z

Inconsistencies regarding mental health

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, 7 April 2021
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	*p124 - Foster complains that Justice Kennedy upheld a law regulating abortion on the grounds that "some women come to regret their choice to abort." She fails to point out that her own study confirmed Kennedy's statement, with 33-65% of women reporting regret. Instead, she focuses strictly on the fact that in their unrepresentative, non-random sample of volunteers 95% of women answered yes to "Given your situation, was the decision to have an abortion the right decision for you?" Yet, previously, she also acknowledged that there is a very common tendency to rationalize previous decisions as the best choice one could make "given your situation." In short, saying you made the best decision you could "given your situation" at a particular time is not the same as saying "That decision was great. It really improved my life. I've never had any regrets about it." In fact, it could mean: "It was my only option at that time. But I've suffered many regrets, guilt, feelings of loss and emptiness since then."		*p124 - Foster complains that Justice Kennedy upheld a law regulating abortion on the grounds that "some women come to regret their choice to abort." She fails to point out that her own study confirmed Kennedy's statement, with 33-65% of women reporting regret. Instead, she focuses strictly on the fact that in their unrepresentative, non-random sample of volunteers 95% of women answered yes to "Given your situation, was the decision to have an abortion the right decision for you?" Yet, previously, she also acknowledged that there is a very common tendency to rationalize previous decisions as the best choice one could make "given your situation." In short, saying you made the best decision you could "given your situation" at a particular time is not the same as saying "That decision was great. It really improved my life. I've never had any regrets about it." In fact, it could mean: "It was my only option at that time. But I've suffered many regrets, guilt, feelings of loss and emptiness since then."

	*p126 - Based on the high "decision rightness" results, Foster claims: "The Turnaway Study provides strong evidence that the vast majority of women do not experience difficulty coping with their abortions..." That is pure nonsense. The study actually reveals that large percentages of women report feeling regret, guilt, sadness, anger, depression, anxiety and even PTSD. "Decision rightness" is not the same as a claim that "I've had no difficulties coping with my abortion." It is a false equivalence. Moreover, because the Turnaway Study used a non-random invitation of a self-censuring population of women which created a bias toward women expected to be satisfied with their abortion decisions, this non-representative sample really can't tell us anything at all about what "the vast majority of women" experience.		*p126 - Based on the high "decision rightness" results, Foster claims: "The Turnaway Study provides strong evidence that the vast majority of women do not experience difficulty coping with their abortions..." That is pure nonsense. The study actually reveals that large percentages of women report feeling regret (41-66%), guilt(53-63%), sadness (64-74%), anger(31-43%), depression, anxiety and even PTSD (7-39%). "Decision rightness" is not the same as a claim that "I've had no difficulties coping with my abortion." It is a false equivalence. Moreover, because the Turnaway Study used a non-random invitation of a self-censuring population of women which created a bias toward women expected to be satisfied with their abortion decisions, this non-representative sample really can't tell us anything at all about what "the vast majority of women" experience.

	==Shortcomings==		==Shortcomings==

Barb: /* Inconsistencies regarding mental health */

2021-03-29T20:49:57Z

Inconsistencies regarding mental health

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 29 March 2021
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	*p121--In Foster's 2013 paper examining emotions relative to their pregnancies one week after seeking an abortion, among all groups of women, 74% reported sadness, 66% regret, 62% guilt, 43% anger, 25% relief and 33% happiness. Regarding their abortion experiences, 64% sadness, 41% regret, 53% guilt, 31% anger, 83% relief, and 52% happiness. But turnaways were twice as likely to subsequently report happiness about their pregnancy, 43% said they were happy to not have had the abortion, and 49% said they were relieved not to have had the abortion.		*p121--In Foster's 2013 paper examining emotions relative to their pregnancies one week after seeking an abortion, among all groups of women, 74% reported sadness, 66% regret, 62% guilt, 43% anger, 25% relief and 33% happiness. Regarding their abortion experiences, 64% sadness, 41% regret, 53% guilt, 31% anger, 83% relief, and 52% happiness. But turnaways were twice as likely to subsequently report happiness about their pregnancy, 43% said they were happy to not have had the abortion, and 49% said they were relieved not to have had the abortion. Also, 60% of Turnaways report happiness about their pregnancies compared to 25% of women who had a first trimester abortion. This suggests that Turnaways may have delayed seeking an abortion because they actually were hoping to keep their children.

	*Note: In their 2015 report on "decision rightness" the Turnaway team reports that at the baseline (one week after their abortions) 95% of women answered yes to "“Given your situation, was the decision to have an abortion the right decision for you?" But in the same interview, 66% and 41% reported regret relative to the pregnancy and the abortion respectively. As noted above, a majority also reported guilt and high rates of sadness and anger. Therefore, women do not equate "decision rightness" with their overall feelings about their abortion experience, and it is totally inappropriate for Foster and her team to promote the idea that 95% decision rightness means that regret and other negative reactions are rare.		*Note: In their 2015 report on "decision rightness" the Turnaway team reports that at the baseline (one week after their abortions) 95% of women answered yes to "“Given your situation, was the decision to have an abortion the right decision for you?" But in the same interview, 66% and 41% reported regret relative to the pregnancy and the abortion respectively. As noted above, a majority also reported guilt and high rates of sadness and anger. Therefore, women do not equate "decision rightness" with their overall feelings about their abortion experience, and it is totally inappropriate for Foster and her team to promote the idea that 95% decision rightness means that regret and other negative reactions are rare.