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<p>Admin2: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size: x-large; padding: 1em;&quot;&gt;WE MAKE NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY&lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> This Site is an online open-content collaborative effort, that is, a voluntary association of individuals and groups working to develop a common resource of human knowledge. The structure of the project allows anyone with an Internet connection to alter its content. Please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by people with the expertise required to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information.<br /> <br /> That is not to say that you will not find valuable and accurate information in This Site; much of the time you will. However, '''This Site cannot guarantee the validity of the information found here.''' The content of any given article may recently have been changed, vandalized or altered by someone whose opinion does not correspond with the state of knowledge in the relevant fields. <br /> <br /> === No formal peer review ===<br /> We are working on ways to select and highlight reliable versions of articles. Our active community of editors uses tools such as the [[Special:Recentchanges]] and [[Special:Newpages]] feeds to monitor new and changing content. However, This Site is not uniformly peer reviewed; while readers may correct errors or engage in casual peer review, they have no legal duty to do so and thus all information read here is without any implied warranty of fitness for any purpose or use whatsoever. Even articles that have been vetted by informal peer review or ''featured article'' processes may later have been edited inappropriately, just before you view them.<br /> <br /> '''None of the contributors, sponsors, administrators, or anyone else connected with This Site in any way whatsoever can be responsible for the appearance of any inaccurate or libelous information or for your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages.'''<br /> <br /> === No contract; limited license ===<br /> Please make sure that you understand that the information provided here is being provided freely, and that no kind of agreement or contract is created between you and the owners or users of this site, the owners of the servers upon which it is housed, the individual This Site contributors, any project administrators, sysops or anyone else who is in ''any way connected'' with this project or sister projects subject to your claims against them directly. You are being granted a limited license to copy anything from this site; it does not create or imply any contractual or extracontractual liability on the part of This Site or any of its agents, members, organizers or other users.<br /> <br /> There is '''no agreement or understanding between you and This Site''' regarding your use or modification of this information beyond the [[GNU Free Documentation License]] (GFDL); neither is anyone at This Site responsible should someone change, edit, modify or remove any information that you may post on This Site or any of its associated projects.<br /> <br /> === Trademarks ===<br /> Any of the trademarks, service marks, collective marks, design rights, personality rights or similar rights that are mentioned, used or cited in the articles of the This Site encyclopedia are the property of their respective owners. Their use here does not imply that you may use them for any other purpose other than for the same or a similar informational use as contemplated by the original authors of these This Site articles under the GFDL licensing scheme. Unless otherwise stated This Site and Wikimedia sites are neither endorsed nor affiliated with any of the holders of any such rights and as such This Site cannot grant any rights to use any otherwise protected materials. Your use of any such or similar incorporeal property is at your own risk.<br /> <br /> === Jurisdiction and legality of content ===<br /> Publication of information found in This Site may be in violation of the laws of the country or jurisdiction from where you are viewing this information. Laws in your country or jurisdiction may not protect or allow the same kinds of speech or distribution. Wikipedia does not encourage the violation of any laws; and cannot be responsible for any violations of such laws, should you link to this domain or use, reproduce, or republish the information contained herein.<br /> <br /> [[Category:This Site disclaimers]]</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Coerced_abortion&diff=3247 2012-08-10T18:36:47Z

<p>Admin2: corrected typo</p> <hr /> <div>Here are some links for major articles related to coerced and pressured abortions.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==How Common Are Coerced Abortions?==<br /> <br /> According to the 2008 report by American Psychological Task Force on Abortion and Mental Health, a major risk factor for women being at higher risk of negative psychological reactions to abortion are occasions in which there is &quot;perceived pressure from others to terminate a pregnancy.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;American Psychological Association, Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion. (2008). [http://www.apa.org/pi/wpo/mental-health-abortion-report.pdf Report of the Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion.] Washington, DC: Author. page 11.&lt;/ref&gt; If a &quot;coerced abortion&quot; is understood in this context to mean one in which the woman feels pressured by others to have an abortion, the best range of estimates is that between 30 and 65 percent of abortions involve feelings of being pressured to have an abortion.<br /> <br /> The lowest reported estimate comes from a report by the Alan Guttmacher Institute. The study was tellingly cited in an article by pro-choice ethicist Daniel Callahan of the Hastings Center in a paper in which he worried about the pro-choice movement's failure to address the problem of coerced abortions:<br /> :If legal abortion has given women more choice, it has also given men more choice as well. They now have a potent new weapon in the old business of manipulating and abandoning women.... That men have long coerced women into abortion when it suits their purposes is well-known but rarely mentioned. Data reported by the Alan Gutmacher Institute indicate that some 30 percent of women have an abortion because someone else, not the woman, wants it (see: Rachel Benson gold, ''Abortion and Women's Health'', The Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1990, p20.) The same data indicate that this is not necessarily the exclusive reason, but it is remarkably difficult to find much prochoice probing into the reality of coerced abortions. It is as if there is an embarrassed, sheepish silence on what would seem a matter of obvious concern for those committed to choice.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Daniel Callahan, “An Ethical Challenge to Prochoice Advocates,” Commonweal, Nov. 23, 1990, 681-687, 684.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The study cited by Callahan was based on interviews conducted at an abortion clinic in which the interviewer herself rated the primary reasons why women were choosing to have an abortion. It may therefore have been influenced by the interviewers own bias, skill in interviewing, or the reluctance of women to report coercion in the presence of parents or partners who were pressuring for the abortion.<br /> <br /> A retrospective study of women seeking health care inquiring about their history of pregnancy loss found that of among American women who reported having had an induced abortion, 64 percent &quot;felt pressured by others&quot; to have the abortion.&lt;ref&gt;Rue VM, Coleman PK, Rue JJ, Reardon DC. Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women. Med Sci Monit, 2004 10(10): SR5-16.&lt;/ref&gt; The same study found that those women who reported feeling pressured to have an abortion also reported higher rates of negative psychological reactions which they attributed to their abortions.<br /> <br /> In another study of 252 women who were seeking peer group support to cope with their past abortions, fifty-five percent of the women stated that they felt “forced” by others to choose the abortion, sixty-one percent said they felt as though others were in control of their lives, and forty-four percent were still hoping that the abortion counselor would present another alternative on the day they went to the abortion clinic.&lt;ref&gt;Reardon DC. Aborted Women: Silent No More. Chicago, Ill: Loyola University Press; 1987. [http://afterabortion.org/1999/a-survey-of-aborted-women/ (Survey Link)]&lt;/ref&gt; While this sample was limited to women seeking counseling for negative post-abortion reactions and therefore may not be representative of all women seeking abortions, it shows a high rate of not only feeling pressured, but even &quot;forced&quot; to choose abortion among those women who end up the most dissatisfied with their abortion &quot;choice.&quot;<br /> <br /> The problem of women feeling pressured into unwanted abortions is even more acute in light of research into the risk of defective decision making in crisis situations. <br /> <br /> Experts on crisis counseling have found that those who are in a state of crisis are increasingly vulnerable to outside influences and have less trust in their own opinions and abilities to make the right decision. Such “heightened psychological accessibility”&lt;ref&gt;Howard W. Stone, Crisis Counseling. 20 (1976).&lt;/ref&gt;can lead to a situation where parents, counselors, or others in authority can have enormous influence over a woman’s decision. “A relatively minor force, acting for a relatively short time, can switch the whole balance from one side or to the other—to the side of mental health or to the side of ill health.”&lt;ref&gt;Gerald Caplan, Principles of preventive psychiatry. Basic Books(1964), 293.&lt;/ref&gt; Persons in crisis “are less in touch with reality . . . and more vulnerable to change than they are in non-crisis periods.”&lt;ref&gt;Stone at 20&lt;/ref&gt; They often experience feelings of tiredness, lethargy, hopelessness, inadequacy, confusion, anxiety, and disorganization. Thus, they are more likely to stand back and let other people make their decisions for them, instead of protecting themselves from decisions that may not be in their best interests.<br /> <br /> A person who is upset and trapped in a crisis wants to reestablish stability, and is therefore very susceptible to any influence from others who claim to be able to solve the crisis, especially those who have status or authority.&lt;ref&gt;Wilbur E. Morely, Theory of Crisis Intervention, 21 PASTORAL<br /> PSYCHOLOGY 16-17 (1970).&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, with a minimal effort on the part of a mental health professional, family member, minister, or male partner, an enormous amount of leverage may be exerted upon a woman who is in a crisis situation.&lt;ref&gt;Caplan, at 50-54.&lt;/ref&gt; This can be a dangerous situation for a woman who doesn’t really want an abortion but has others around her who push for it.<br /> <br /> An understanding of this basic crisis theory helps to explain why pregnant women, especially if they are unwed, adolescent, or poor, are so vulnerable to undergoing abortions in violation of their own will and consciences. Women who would normally be very much in control of their own lives may suddenly feel dependant on the guidance of others when faced with a crisis pregnancy. In such cases, even minimal efforts by family members, their male partners, or medical authorities to encourage abortion may be experienced as the decisive factor.<br /> <br /> What women experience as “pressure” to abort may involve indirect but significant pressure such as withholding love, approval and personal or practical support from the woman unless she agrees to an abortion. Or it may be overt, as in abuse or an outright threat to abandon or expel the woman from her home if she does not abort her child. In many cases, the pressure is applied intentionally by others. In other cases, the “pressure” is not intended, but simply perceived by the woman. For instance, if her boyfriend exhibits an unenthusiastic response to the news that she is pregnant, she may see this as his way of telling her that he will not help to support her or their child.<br /> <br /> Since any element of coercion is not only a risk factor for psychological problems after abortion, but also a fundamental violation of the dignity and rights of women, abortion providers should carefully screen for any signs of coercion toward an unwanted abortion. Whenever this is observed, the pressuring parties should be counseled as to why the abortion is contraindicated. It should be explained that the fact that the abortion goes against the woman’s maternal or moral beliefs exposes her to a much greater risk of subsequent emotional problems, and that pressuring her into the abortion is only likely to worsen the relationships between the woman and those pressuring her. If the pressuring parties exert considerable<br /> control over the woman, any subsequent claim by the woman that the request for the abortion is “her decision” should not be accepted at face value, but should invite additional counseling to ensure that the<br /> decision is truly in conformity with her own beliefs and desires—-excluding the desire to please others at her own expense.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Additional Resources ===<br /> <br /> [http://afterabortion.org/2000/whos-making-the-choice/ Who’s Making the Choice? Women's Heightened Vulnerability During a Crisis Pregnancy] <br /> How and why women are manipulated into unwanted abortions.<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.afterabortion.org/PAR/V8/n1/teensabortion.html A Generation at Risk: How Teens Are Manipulated Into Abortion]<br /> At look at how and why teens are especially vulnerable to coercion.<br /> <br /> [http://afterabortion.org/2012/the-many-faces-of-coercion/ The Many Faces of Coercion]<br /> Startling examples of coerced abortion around the world.<br /> <br /> [http://www.theunchoice.com/coerced.htm Unwanted, coerced or forced abortions in America]<br /> <br /> [http://www.theunchoice.com/pdf/FactSheets/ForcedAbortions.pdf Forced Abortion in America Report]<br /> <br /> [http://afterabortion.org/1996/women-who-abort-their-reflections-on-abortion/ Women Who Abort: Their Reflections on the Unborn]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> {{Reflist}}</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Coerced_abortion&diff=3246 2012-08-10T17:31:57Z

<p>Admin2: corrected typo</p> <hr /> <div>Here are some links for major articles related to coerced and pressured abortions.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==How Common Are Coerced Abortions?==<br /> <br /> According to the 2008 report by American Psychological Task Force on Abortion and Mental Health, a major risk factor for women being at higher risk of negative psychological reactions to abortion are occasions in which there is &quot;perceived pressure from others to terminate a pregnancy.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;American Psychological Association, Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion. (2008). [http://www.apa.org/pi/wpo/mental-health-abortion-report.pdf Report of the Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion.] Washington, DC: Author. page 11.&lt;/ref&gt; If a &quot;coerced abortion&quot; is understood in this context to mean one in which the woman feels pressured by others to have an abortion, the best range of estimates is that between 30 and 65 percent of abortions involve feelings of being pressured to have an abortion.<br /> <br /> The lowest reported estimate comes from a report by the Alan Guttmacher Institute. The study was tellingly cited in an article by pro-choice ethicist Daniel Callahan of the Hastings Center in a paper in which he worried about the pro-choice movement's failure to address the problem of coerced abortions:<br /> :If legal abortion has given women more choice, it has also given men more choice as well. They now have a potent new weapon in the old business of manipulating and abandoning women.... That men have long coerced women into abortion when it suits their purposes is well-known but rarely mentioned. Data reported by the Alan Gutmacher Institute indicate that some 30 percent of women have an abortion because someone else, not the woman, wants it (see: Rachel Benson gold, ''Abortion and Women's Health'', The Allan Guttmacher Institute, 1990, p20.) The same data indicate that this is not necessarily the exclusive reason, but it is remarkably difficult to find much prochoice probing into the reality of coerced abortions. It is as if there is an embarrassed, sheepish silence on what would seem a matter of obvious concern for those committed to choice.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Daniel Callahan, “An Ethical Challenge to Prochoice Advocates,” Commonweal, Nov. 23, 1990, 681-687, 684.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The study cited by Callahan was based on interviews conducted at an abortion clinic in which the interviewer herself rated the primary reasons why women were choosing to have an abortion. It may therefore have been influenced by the interviewers own bias, skill in interviewing, or the reluctance of women to report coercion in the presence of parents or partners who were pressuring for the abortion.<br /> <br /> A retrospective study of women seeking health care inquiring about their history of pregnancy loss found that of among American women who reported having had an induced abortion, 64 percent &quot;felt pressured by others&quot; to have the abortion.&lt;ref&gt;Rue VM, Coleman PK, Rue JJ, Reardon DC. Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women. Med Sci Monit, 2004 10(10): SR5-16.&lt;/ref&gt; The same study found that those women who reported feeling pressured to have an abortion also reported higher rates of negative psychological reactions which they attributed to their abortions.<br /> <br /> In another study of 252 women who were seeking peer group support to cope with their past abortions, fifty-five percent of the women stated that they felt “forced” by others to choose the abortion, sixty-one percent said they felt as though others were in control of their lives, and forty-four percent were still hoping that the abortion counselor would present another alternative on the day they went to the abortion clinic.&lt;ref&gt;Reardon DC. Aborted Women: Silent No More. Chicago, Ill: Loyola University Press; 1987. [http://afterabortion.org/1999/a-survey-of-aborted-women/ (Survey Link)]&lt;/ref&gt; While this sample was limited to women seeking counseling for negative post-abortion reactions and therefore may not be representative of all women seeking abortions, it shows a high rate of not only feeling pressured, but even &quot;forced&quot; to choose abortion among those women who end up the most dissatisfied with their abortion &quot;choice.&quot;<br /> <br /> The problem of women feeling pressured into unwanted abortions is even more acute in light of research into the risk of defective decision making in crisis situations. <br /> <br /> Experts on crisis counseling have found that those who are in a state of crisis are increasingly vulnerable to outside influences and have less trust in their own opinions and abilities to make the right decision. Such “heightened psychological accessibility”&lt;ref&gt;Howard W. Stone, Crisis Counseling. 20 (1976).&lt;/ref&gt;can lead to a situation where parents, counselors, or others in authority can have enormous influence over a woman’s decision. “A relatively minor force, acting for a relatively short time, can switch the whole balance from one side or to the other—to the side of mental health or to the side of ill health.”&lt;ref&gt;Gerald Caplan, Principles of preventive psychiatry. Basic Books(1964), 293.&lt;/ref&gt; Persons in crisis “are less in touch with reality . . . and more vulnerable to change than they are in non-crisis periods.”&lt;ref&gt;Stone at 20&lt;/ref&gt; They often experience feelings of tiredness, lethargy, hopelessness, inadequacy, confusion, anxiety, and disorganization. Thus, they are more likely to stand back and let other people make their decisions for them, instead of protecting themselves from decisions that may not be in their best interests.<br /> <br /> A person who is upset and trapped in a crisis wants to reestablish stability, and is therefore very susceptible to any influence from others who claim to be able to solve the crisis, especially those who have status or authority.&lt;ref&gt;Wilbur E. Morely, Theory of Crisis Intervention, 21 PASTORAL<br /> PSYCHOLOGY 16-17 (1970).&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, with a minimal effort on the part of a mental health professional, family member, minister, or male partner, an enormous amount of leverage may be exerted upon a woman who is in a crisis situation.&lt;ref&gt;Caplan, at 50-54.&lt;/ref&gt; This can be a dangerous situation for a woman who doesn’t really want an abortion but has others around her who push for it.<br /> <br /> An understanding of this basic crisis theory helps to explain why pregnant women, especially if they are unwed, adolescent, or poor, are so vulnerable to undergoing abortions in violation of their own will and consciences. Women who would normally be very much in control of their own lives may suddenly feel dependant on the guidance of others when faced with a crisis pregnancy. In such cases, even minimal efforts by family members, their male partners, or medical authorities to encourage abortion may be experienced as the decisive factor.<br /> <br /> What women experience as “pressure” to abort may involve indirect but significant pressure such as withholding love, approval and personal or practical support from the woman unless she agrees to an abortion. Or it may be overt, as in abuse or an outright threat to abandon or expel the woman from her home if she does not abort her child. In many cases, the pressure is applied intentionally by others. In other cases, the “pressure” is not intended, but simply perceived by the woman. For instance, if her boyfriend exhibits an unenthusiastic response to the news that she is pregnant, she may see this as his way of telling her that he will not help to support her or their child.<br /> <br /> Since any element of coercion is not only a risk factor for psychological problems after abortion, but also a fundamental violation of the dignity and rights of women, abortion providers should carefully screen for any signs of coercion toward an unwanted abortion. Whenever this is observed, the pressuring parties should be counseled as to why the abortion is contraindicated. It should be explained that the fact that the abortion goes against the woman’s maternal or moral beliefs exposes her to a much greater risk of subsequent emotional problems, and that pressuring her into the abortion is only likely to worsen the relationships between the woman and those pressuring her. If the pressuring parties exert considerable<br /> control over the woman, any subsequent claim by the woman that the request for the abortion is “her decision” should not be accepted at face value, but should invite additional counseling to ensure that the<br /> decision is truly in conformity with her own beliefs and desires—-excluding the desire to please others at her own expense.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Additional Resources ===<br /> <br /> [http://afterabortion.org/2000/whos-making-the-choice/ Who’s Making the Choice? Women's Heightened Vulnerability During a Crisis Pregnancy] <br /> How and why women are manipulated into unwanted abortions.<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.afterabortion.org/PAR/V8/n1/teensabortion.html A Generation at Risk: How Teens Are Manipulated Into Abortion]<br /> At look at how and why teens are especially vulnerable to coercion.<br /> <br /> [http://afterabortion.org/2012/the-many-faces-of-coercion/ The Many Faces of Coercion]<br /> Startling examples of coerced abortion around the world.<br /> <br /> [http://www.theunchoice.com/coerced.htm Unwanted, coerced or forced abortions in America]<br /> <br /> [http://www.theunchoice.com/pdf/FactSheets/ForcedAbortions.pdf Forced Abortion in America Report]<br /> <br /> [http://afterabortion.org/1996/women-who-abort-their-reflections-on-abortion/ Women Who Abort: Their Reflections on the Unborn]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> {{Reflist}}</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Recent_Research&diff=713 2009-10-21T21:34:01Z

<p>Admin2: </p> <hr /> <div>Recent Research: Abortion's Harm to Women<br /> <br /> A List of studies from around the world, published since 2000. Some of these studies may already be listed in the library. A downladable version of this list is available at http://www.theunchoice.com/research.htm. Download the &quot;Recent Research&quot; fact sheet.<br /> <br /> '''1. 62% Higher Risk of Death from All Causes, 2.5 Times Higher Risk of Suicide'''<br /> Compared to women who give birth, women who abort have an elevated risk of death from all causes, which persists for at least eight years. Higher risk of death from suicide and accidents were most prominent. Projected on the national population, this effect may contribute to 2,000 - 5,000 more deaths among women each year.1 <br /> Southern Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> '''2. 3.5 Times Higher Death Rates from Suicide, Accidents, Homicides (Suicide 6 Times Higher)'''<br /> Researchers examining deaths among the entire population of women in Finland found that those who had abortions had a 3.5 times higher death rate from suicide, accidents, or homicides in the following year. Suicide rates among aborting women were six times higher compared to women who gave birth and two times higher compared to women who miscarried.2 <br /> European Journal of Public Health, 2005<br /> <br /> '''3. Abortion Deaths Underreported on Death Certificates'''<br /> A study of medical records in Finland found that 94 % of maternal deaths associated with abortion are not identifiable from death certificates alone. The researchers found that linking death certificates to medical records showed that the death rate associated with abortion is three times higher than that associated with childbirth.3<br /> Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 2004<br /> <br /> '''4. 65% Suffered Trauma, 31% Had Health Complications'''<br /> In this study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 65% of American women studied experienced multiple symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which they attributed to their abortions. Slightly over 14% reported all the symptoms necessary for a clinical diagnosis of abortion induced PTSD, and 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling. 31% had health complications afterwards.4<br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> '''5. 64% Involve Coercion, 84% Not Fully Informed'''<br /> In the above study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 64% of American women reported that they felt pressured by others to abort. 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling.5 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> '''6. Abortion Linked to Wide Range of Mental Health Disorders'''<br /> A survey of 5,877 women found that women who had abortions were at higher risk for various mental health disorders. Researchers studied 15 different mental health problems, including anxiety disorders (panic disorder, panic attacks, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder), mood disorders (bipolar disorder, mania, major depression) and substance abuse disorders. Abortion made a significant contribution for 12 out of the 15 disorders studied.6<br /> Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2008<br /> <br /> '''7. 30% Higher Risk of Mental Health Problems After Abortion; Abortion Offers No Benefits'''<br /> An ongoing survey of women in New Zealand found that women were 30 percent more likely to experience substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, anxiety disorders and major depression after abortion than after other pregnancy outcomes. No increase in mental health risks was found among women who continued an unplanned pregnancy, and the researchers said there was no evidence abortion offered any mental health benefits to women.7<br /> British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008<br /> <br /> '''8. Higher Rates of Depression, Substance Abuse, Suicidal Behavior After Abortion''' <br /> In a New Zealand study, women who had abortions subsequently experienced higher rates of substance abuse, anxiety disorders, and suicidal behavior than women who had not had abortions, even after controlling for pre-existing conditions. Approximately 42% of women with a history of abortion had experienced major depression in the last four years (nearly double the rate of women who had not been pregnant and 35% higher than those who carried to term).8<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006<br /> <br /> '''9. Significantly Higher Risk of Clinical Depression''' <br /> Compared to women who carry their first unintended pregnancies to term, women who abort their first pregnancies are at significantly higher risk of clinical depression as measured an average of eight years after their first pregnancies.9<br /> British Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> '''10. 65% Higher Risk of Clinical Depression'''<br /> Analysis of a federally funded longitudinal study of American women revealed that, compared to women who gave birth, women who aborted were 65% more likely to be at risk of long-term clinical depression after controlling for age, race, education, marital status, history of divorce, income, and prior psychiatric state.10 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2003<br /> <br /> '''11. 30% Higher Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder'''<br /> Researchers compared women who had no prior history of anxiety and who had experienced a first, unintended pregnancy. Women who aborted were 30% more likely to subsequently report all the symptoms associated with a diagnosis for generalized anxiety disorder, compared to women who carried to term.11<br /> Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2005<br /> <br /> '''12. Five Times Higher Risk of Substance Abuse''' <br /> Women who abort are five times more likely to report subsequent drug or alcohol abuse than women who deliver.12<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2000<br /> <br /> '''13. Unintended First Pregnancies: Increased Substance Abuse if Women Abort'''<br /> Among women who had unintended first pregnancies, those who had abortions were more likely to report, an average of four years later, more frequent and recent use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine than women who gave birth. This is the first study to compare substance abuse rates among women who had unintended pregnancies.13<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2004<br /> <br /> '''14. Nearly Twice as Likely to Be Treated for Sleep Disorders, Which Are Often Trauma-Related'''<br /> In a record based study of nearly 57,000 women with no known history of sleep disorders, women were more likely to be treated for sleep disorders after having an abortion compared to giving birth. Aborting women were nearly twice as likely to be treated for sleep disorders in the first 180 days after the pregnancy ended compared to delivering women. Numerous studies have shown that trauma victims will often experience sleep difficulties.14<br /> Sleep, 2006<br /> <br /> '''15. Records-Based Study Indicates More Outpatient Psychiatric Care''' <br /> Analysis of California Medicaid records shows that women who have abortions subsequently require significantly more treatments for psychiatric illness through outpatient care.15<br /> American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> '''16. 160% More Likely to be Hospitalized for Psychiatric Treatment'''<br /> A review of the medical records of 56,741 California Medicaid patients revealed that women who had abortions were 160% more likely than delivering women to be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in the first 90 days following abortion or delivery. Psychiatric treatment rates remained significantly higher for at least four years.16 <br /> Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2003<br /> <br /> '''17. Abortion Increases Risk of Domestic Violence, Relationship Problems for Both Women and Men'''<br /> Compared to those with no history of abortion, both women and men who had an abortion with their current partner were more likely to report domestic violence, arguing about children and feeling that their lives would be better if the relationship ended. Women who had an abortion with their current partner reported more arguments about money and relatives, and were more likely to experience sexual dysfunction after abortion with a current or previous partner. Men reported more problems with jealousy and drug use after abortion with a current or previous partner.17<br /> Public Health, 2009<br /> <br /> '''18. Father’s Role Significant in Deciding Pregnancy Outcome; Abortion Linked to Later Problems'''<br /> A survey of low-income women who had a previous child found that women who felt they could not rely on their partner to help in caring for the child were more likely to have an abortion. Women who had an abortion were more likely to report subsequent violence by their partner and to report heavy alcohol abuse (three times more likely) and cigarette smoking (twice as likely).18<br /> International Journal of Mental Health &amp; Addiction, 2008<br /> <br /> '''19. Screening for Known Risk Factors Would Dramatically Reduce Abortions'''<br /> This study is an analysis of 63 medical studies that identify risk factors that predict negative psychological reactions to abortion. The review concludes that the number of women suffering from negative emotional reactions to abortion could be dramatically reduced if abortion clinics screened women for these risk factors.19<br /> The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, 2004<br /> <br /> '''20. Subsequent Children Are Negatively Affected'''<br /> The children of women who had abortions have less supportive home environments and more behavioral problems than children of women without a history of abortion. This finding supports the view that abortion may negatively affect bonding with subsequent children, disturb mothering skills, and otherwise impact a woman’s psychological stability.20<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> '''21. Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Five Times More Likely'''<br /> Among women delivering their first pregnancy, women with a history of abortion are five times more likely to use illicit drugs and two times more likely to use alcohol during their pregnancies. This substance use places their unborn children at risk of birth defects, low birth weight, and death.21<br /> American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dec. 2002<br /> <br /> '''22. Increased Smoking and Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies'''<br /> A study of women who had just given birth found that compared to women who had experienced other types of pregnancy loss or had never had an abortion, women who had previously had an abortion are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use marijuana, cocaine, or other illegal drugs during pregnancy.22<br /> British Journal of Health Psychology, 2005<br /> <br /> '''23. 95% Want To Be Fully Informed of All Statistically Associated Risks'''<br /> Women considering elective surgery, such as abortion, consider all information about physical or psychological risks to be very relevant to their decisions. 95% of patients wished to be informed of all risks statistically associated with a procedure, even if the causal connection between the procedure and risk has not been fully proven.23 <br /> Journal of Medical Ethics, 2006<br /> <br /> '''24. Teens Have More Mental Health Problems After Abortion, Even With Unplanned Pregnancies'''<br /> A nationally representative study found that teen girls who abort unintended pregnancies are five times more likely to seek subsequent help for psychological and emotional problems compared to their peers who carry unintended pregnancies to term. Teens who aborted were also three times more likely to report having trouble sleeping and nine times more likely to report subsequent marijuana use. 24<br /> Journal of Youth &amp; Adolescence, 2006<br /> <br /> '''25. Abortion Increases Risk of Later Miscarriage by 60%'''<br /> Researchers in the U.K. surveyed women ages 18 to 55 about their reproductive histories, life-styles and relationships and found that women who had a previous abortion had a 60% higher risk of miscarriage during a later preganancy.25 <br /> BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 2006<br /> <br /> ''The Elliot Institute was involved in many of the studies listed above. For more information, visit www.TheUnChoice.com.'' <br /> <br /> [[User:Admin2|Admin2]]<br /> <br /> '''Citations'''<br /> <br /> 1. DC Reardon et. al., “Deaths Associated With Pregnancy Outcome: A Record Linkage Study of Low Income Women,” Southern Medical Journal 95(8):834-41, Aug. 2002.<br /> <br /> 2. M. Gissler et. al., “Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy, Finland 1987-2000,” European J. Public Health 15(5):459-63, 2005.<br /> <br /> 3. M. Gissler, et. al., “Methods for identifying pregnancyassociated deaths: populationbased data from Finland 1987-2000,” Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology 18(6): 44855, Nov. 2004.<br /> <br /> 4. VM Rue et. al., “Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Medical Science Monitor 10(10): SR5-16, 2004.<br /> <br /> 5. Ibid.<br /> <br /> 6. PK Coleman et. al., “Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey,” Journal of Psychiatric Research doi:10.1016/jpsychires.2008.10.009, 2008.<br /> <br /> 7. DM Fergusson et. al., “Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study,” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193: 444-451, 2008.<br /> <br /> 8. DM Fergusson, et. al., “Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47(1):16-24, 2006.<br /> <br /> 9. DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Depression and Unintended Pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A Cohort Study,” British Medical Journal 324:151-2, 2002.<br /> <br /> 10. JR Cougle, DC Reardon &amp; PK Coleman, “Depression Associated With Abortion and Childbirth: A Long-Term Analysis of the NLSY Cohort,” Medical Science Monitor 9(4):CR105-112, 2003.<br /> <br /> 11. JR Cougle, DC Reardon, PK Coleman, “Generalized Anxiety Following Unintended Pregnancies Resolved Through Childbirth and Abortion: A Cohort Study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth,” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19:137-142, 2005. <br /> <br /> 12. DC Reardon, PG Ney, “Abortion and Subsequent Substance Abuse,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):61-75, 2000.<br /> <br /> 13. D.C. Reardon, P.K. Coleman, and J.R. Cougle, “Substance use associated with unintended pregnancy outcomes in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):369-383, 2004.<br /> <br /> 14. DC Reardon and PK Coleman, “Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record Based-Study,” Sleep 29(1):105-106, 2006.<br /> <br /> 15. PK Coleman et. al., “State-Funded Abortions Versus Deliveries: A Comparison of Outpatient Mental Health Claims Over Four Years,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 72(1):141-152, 2002.<br /> <br /> 16. DC Reardon et. al., “Psychiatric Admissions of Low-Income Women Following Abortions and Childbirth,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(10), 2003.<br /> <br /> 17. P.K. Coleman, V.M. Rue, C.T. Coyle, &quot;Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey,&quot; Public Health (2009), doi:10,1016/j.puhe.2009.01.005.<br /> <br /> 18. PK Coleman et. al., &quot;Predictors and Correlates of Abortion in the Fragile Families and Well-Being Study: Paternal Behavior, Substance Abuse and Partner Violence,&quot; International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, DOI 10.1007/s11469-008-9188-7, 2008.<br /> <br /> 19. DC Reardon, “The Duty to Screen: Clinical, Legal, and Ethical Implications of Predictive Risk Factors of Post-Abortion Maladjustment,” The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 20(2):33-114, Spring 2004.<br /> <br /> 20. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, &amp; JR Cougle, “The Quality of the Caregiving Environment and Child Developmental Outcomes Associated with Maternal History of Abortion Using the NLSY Data,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(6):743-57, 2002.<br /> <br /> 21. PK Coleman et. al., “A History of Induced Abortion in Relation to Substance Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Carried to Term,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1673-8, Dec. 2002.<br /> <br /> 22. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Substance use among pregnant women in the context of previous reproductive loss and desire for current pregnancy,” British Journal of Health Psychology 10, 255-268, 2005.<br /> <br /> 23. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, MB Lee, “Women’s preferences for information and complication seriousness ratings related to elective medical procedures,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 32:435-438, 2006.<br /> <br /> 24. PK Coleman, “Resolution of Unwanted Pregnancy During Adolescence Through Abortion Versus Childbirth: Individual and Family Predictors and Psychological Consequences,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence (2006).<br /> <br /> 25. N. Maconochie, P. Doyle, S. Prior, R. Simmons, “Risk factors for first trimester miscarriage—results from a UK-population-based case–control study,” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Dec 2006. Abstract available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Recent_Research&diff=712 2009-10-21T21:33:19Z

<p>Admin2: </p> <hr /> <div>Recent Research: Abortion's Harm to Women<br /> <br /> A List of studies from around the world, published since 2000. Some of these studies may already be listed in the library. A downladable version of this list is avalailable [[http://www.theunchoice.com/research.htm]. Download the &quot;Recent Research&quot; fact sheet.<br /> <br /> '''1. 62% Higher Risk of Death from All Causes, 2.5 Times Higher Risk of Suicide'''<br /> Compared to women who give birth, women who abort have an elevated risk of death from all causes, which persists for at least eight years. Higher risk of death from suicide and accidents were most prominent. Projected on the national population, this effect may contribute to 2,000 - 5,000 more deaths among women each year.1 <br /> Southern Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> '''2. 3.5 Times Higher Death Rates from Suicide, Accidents, Homicides (Suicide 6 Times Higher)'''<br /> Researchers examining deaths among the entire population of women in Finland found that those who had abortions had a 3.5 times higher death rate from suicide, accidents, or homicides in the following year. Suicide rates among aborting women were six times higher compared to women who gave birth and two times higher compared to women who miscarried.2 <br /> European Journal of Public Health, 2005<br /> <br /> '''3. Abortion Deaths Underreported on Death Certificates'''<br /> A study of medical records in Finland found that 94 % of maternal deaths associated with abortion are not identifiable from death certificates alone. The researchers found that linking death certificates to medical records showed that the death rate associated with abortion is three times higher than that associated with childbirth.3<br /> Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 2004<br /> <br /> '''4. 65% Suffered Trauma, 31% Had Health Complications'''<br /> In this study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 65% of American women studied experienced multiple symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which they attributed to their abortions. Slightly over 14% reported all the symptoms necessary for a clinical diagnosis of abortion induced PTSD, and 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling. 31% had health complications afterwards.4<br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> '''5. 64% Involve Coercion, 84% Not Fully Informed'''<br /> In the above study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 64% of American women reported that they felt pressured by others to abort. 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling.5 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> '''6. Abortion Linked to Wide Range of Mental Health Disorders'''<br /> A survey of 5,877 women found that women who had abortions were at higher risk for various mental health disorders. Researchers studied 15 different mental health problems, including anxiety disorders (panic disorder, panic attacks, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder), mood disorders (bipolar disorder, mania, major depression) and substance abuse disorders. Abortion made a significant contribution for 12 out of the 15 disorders studied.6<br /> Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2008<br /> <br /> '''7. 30% Higher Risk of Mental Health Problems After Abortion; Abortion Offers No Benefits'''<br /> An ongoing survey of women in New Zealand found that women were 30 percent more likely to experience substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, anxiety disorders and major depression after abortion than after other pregnancy outcomes. No increase in mental health risks was found among women who continued an unplanned pregnancy, and the researchers said there was no evidence abortion offered any mental health benefits to women.7<br /> British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008<br /> <br /> '''8. Higher Rates of Depression, Substance Abuse, Suicidal Behavior After Abortion''' <br /> In a New Zealand study, women who had abortions subsequently experienced higher rates of substance abuse, anxiety disorders, and suicidal behavior than women who had not had abortions, even after controlling for pre-existing conditions. Approximately 42% of women with a history of abortion had experienced major depression in the last four years (nearly double the rate of women who had not been pregnant and 35% higher than those who carried to term).8<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006<br /> <br /> '''9. Significantly Higher Risk of Clinical Depression''' <br /> Compared to women who carry their first unintended pregnancies to term, women who abort their first pregnancies are at significantly higher risk of clinical depression as measured an average of eight years after their first pregnancies.9<br /> British Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> '''10. 65% Higher Risk of Clinical Depression'''<br /> Analysis of a federally funded longitudinal study of American women revealed that, compared to women who gave birth, women who aborted were 65% more likely to be at risk of long-term clinical depression after controlling for age, race, education, marital status, history of divorce, income, and prior psychiatric state.10 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2003<br /> <br /> '''11. 30% Higher Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder'''<br /> Researchers compared women who had no prior history of anxiety and who had experienced a first, unintended pregnancy. Women who aborted were 30% more likely to subsequently report all the symptoms associated with a diagnosis for generalized anxiety disorder, compared to women who carried to term.11<br /> Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2005<br /> <br /> '''12. Five Times Higher Risk of Substance Abuse''' <br /> Women who abort are five times more likely to report subsequent drug or alcohol abuse than women who deliver.12<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2000<br /> <br /> '''13. Unintended First Pregnancies: Increased Substance Abuse if Women Abort'''<br /> Among women who had unintended first pregnancies, those who had abortions were more likely to report, an average of four years later, more frequent and recent use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine than women who gave birth. This is the first study to compare substance abuse rates among women who had unintended pregnancies.13<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2004<br /> <br /> '''14. Nearly Twice as Likely to Be Treated for Sleep Disorders, Which Are Often Trauma-Related'''<br /> In a record based study of nearly 57,000 women with no known history of sleep disorders, women were more likely to be treated for sleep disorders after having an abortion compared to giving birth. Aborting women were nearly twice as likely to be treated for sleep disorders in the first 180 days after the pregnancy ended compared to delivering women. Numerous studies have shown that trauma victims will often experience sleep difficulties.14<br /> Sleep, 2006<br /> <br /> '''15. Records-Based Study Indicates More Outpatient Psychiatric Care''' <br /> Analysis of California Medicaid records shows that women who have abortions subsequently require significantly more treatments for psychiatric illness through outpatient care.15<br /> American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> '''16. 160% More Likely to be Hospitalized for Psychiatric Treatment'''<br /> A review of the medical records of 56,741 California Medicaid patients revealed that women who had abortions were 160% more likely than delivering women to be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in the first 90 days following abortion or delivery. Psychiatric treatment rates remained significantly higher for at least four years.16 <br /> Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2003<br /> <br /> '''17. Abortion Increases Risk of Domestic Violence, Relationship Problems for Both Women and Men'''<br /> Compared to those with no history of abortion, both women and men who had an abortion with their current partner were more likely to report domestic violence, arguing about children and feeling that their lives would be better if the relationship ended. Women who had an abortion with their current partner reported more arguments about money and relatives, and were more likely to experience sexual dysfunction after abortion with a current or previous partner. Men reported more problems with jealousy and drug use after abortion with a current or previous partner.17<br /> Public Health, 2009<br /> <br /> '''18. Father’s Role Significant in Deciding Pregnancy Outcome; Abortion Linked to Later Problems'''<br /> A survey of low-income women who had a previous child found that women who felt they could not rely on their partner to help in caring for the child were more likely to have an abortion. Women who had an abortion were more likely to report subsequent violence by their partner and to report heavy alcohol abuse (three times more likely) and cigarette smoking (twice as likely).18<br /> International Journal of Mental Health &amp; Addiction, 2008<br /> <br /> '''19. Screening for Known Risk Factors Would Dramatically Reduce Abortions'''<br /> This study is an analysis of 63 medical studies that identify risk factors that predict negative psychological reactions to abortion. The review concludes that the number of women suffering from negative emotional reactions to abortion could be dramatically reduced if abortion clinics screened women for these risk factors.19<br /> The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, 2004<br /> <br /> '''20. Subsequent Children Are Negatively Affected'''<br /> The children of women who had abortions have less supportive home environments and more behavioral problems than children of women without a history of abortion. This finding supports the view that abortion may negatively affect bonding with subsequent children, disturb mothering skills, and otherwise impact a woman’s psychological stability.20<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> '''21. Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Five Times More Likely'''<br /> Among women delivering their first pregnancy, women with a history of abortion are five times more likely to use illicit drugs and two times more likely to use alcohol during their pregnancies. This substance use places their unborn children at risk of birth defects, low birth weight, and death.21<br /> American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dec. 2002<br /> <br /> '''22. Increased Smoking and Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies'''<br /> A study of women who had just given birth found that compared to women who had experienced other types of pregnancy loss or had never had an abortion, women who had previously had an abortion are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use marijuana, cocaine, or other illegal drugs during pregnancy.22<br /> British Journal of Health Psychology, 2005<br /> <br /> '''23. 95% Want To Be Fully Informed of All Statistically Associated Risks'''<br /> Women considering elective surgery, such as abortion, consider all information about physical or psychological risks to be very relevant to their decisions. 95% of patients wished to be informed of all risks statistically associated with a procedure, even if the causal connection between the procedure and risk has not been fully proven.23 <br /> Journal of Medical Ethics, 2006<br /> <br /> '''24. Teens Have More Mental Health Problems After Abortion, Even With Unplanned Pregnancies'''<br /> A nationally representative study found that teen girls who abort unintended pregnancies are five times more likely to seek subsequent help for psychological and emotional problems compared to their peers who carry unintended pregnancies to term. Teens who aborted were also three times more likely to report having trouble sleeping and nine times more likely to report subsequent marijuana use. 24<br /> Journal of Youth &amp; Adolescence, 2006<br /> <br /> '''25. Abortion Increases Risk of Later Miscarriage by 60%'''<br /> Researchers in the U.K. surveyed women ages 18 to 55 about their reproductive histories, life-styles and relationships and found that women who had a previous abortion had a 60% higher risk of miscarriage during a later preganancy.25 <br /> BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 2006<br /> <br /> ''The Elliot Institute was involved in many of the studies listed above. For more information, visit www.TheUnChoice.com.'' <br /> <br /> [[User:Admin2|Admin2]]<br /> <br /> '''Citations'''<br /> <br /> 1. DC Reardon et. al., “Deaths Associated With Pregnancy Outcome: A Record Linkage Study of Low Income Women,” Southern Medical Journal 95(8):834-41, Aug. 2002.<br /> <br /> 2. M. Gissler et. al., “Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy, Finland 1987-2000,” European J. Public Health 15(5):459-63, 2005.<br /> <br /> 3. M. Gissler, et. al., “Methods for identifying pregnancyassociated deaths: populationbased data from Finland 1987-2000,” Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology 18(6): 44855, Nov. 2004.<br /> <br /> 4. VM Rue et. al., “Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Medical Science Monitor 10(10): SR5-16, 2004.<br /> <br /> 5. Ibid.<br /> <br /> 6. PK Coleman et. al., “Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey,” Journal of Psychiatric Research doi:10.1016/jpsychires.2008.10.009, 2008.<br /> <br /> 7. DM Fergusson et. al., “Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study,” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193: 444-451, 2008.<br /> <br /> 8. DM Fergusson, et. al., “Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47(1):16-24, 2006.<br /> <br /> 9. DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Depression and Unintended Pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A Cohort Study,” British Medical Journal 324:151-2, 2002.<br /> <br /> 10. JR Cougle, DC Reardon &amp; PK Coleman, “Depression Associated With Abortion and Childbirth: A Long-Term Analysis of the NLSY Cohort,” Medical Science Monitor 9(4):CR105-112, 2003.<br /> <br /> 11. JR Cougle, DC Reardon, PK Coleman, “Generalized Anxiety Following Unintended Pregnancies Resolved Through Childbirth and Abortion: A Cohort Study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth,” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19:137-142, 2005. <br /> <br /> 12. DC Reardon, PG Ney, “Abortion and Subsequent Substance Abuse,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):61-75, 2000.<br /> <br /> 13. D.C. Reardon, P.K. Coleman, and J.R. Cougle, “Substance use associated with unintended pregnancy outcomes in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):369-383, 2004.<br /> <br /> 14. DC Reardon and PK Coleman, “Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record Based-Study,” Sleep 29(1):105-106, 2006.<br /> <br /> 15. PK Coleman et. al., “State-Funded Abortions Versus Deliveries: A Comparison of Outpatient Mental Health Claims Over Four Years,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 72(1):141-152, 2002.<br /> <br /> 16. DC Reardon et. al., “Psychiatric Admissions of Low-Income Women Following Abortions and Childbirth,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(10), 2003.<br /> <br /> 17. P.K. Coleman, V.M. Rue, C.T. Coyle, &quot;Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey,&quot; Public Health (2009), doi:10,1016/j.puhe.2009.01.005.<br /> <br /> 18. PK Coleman et. al., &quot;Predictors and Correlates of Abortion in the Fragile Families and Well-Being Study: Paternal Behavior, Substance Abuse and Partner Violence,&quot; International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, DOI 10.1007/s11469-008-9188-7, 2008.<br /> <br /> 19. DC Reardon, “The Duty to Screen: Clinical, Legal, and Ethical Implications of Predictive Risk Factors of Post-Abortion Maladjustment,” The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 20(2):33-114, Spring 2004.<br /> <br /> 20. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, &amp; JR Cougle, “The Quality of the Caregiving Environment and Child Developmental Outcomes Associated with Maternal History of Abortion Using the NLSY Data,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(6):743-57, 2002.<br /> <br /> 21. PK Coleman et. al., “A History of Induced Abortion in Relation to Substance Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Carried to Term,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1673-8, Dec. 2002.<br /> <br /> 22. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Substance use among pregnant women in the context of previous reproductive loss and desire for current pregnancy,” British Journal of Health Psychology 10, 255-268, 2005.<br /> <br /> 23. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, MB Lee, “Women’s preferences for information and complication seriousness ratings related to elective medical procedures,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 32:435-438, 2006.<br /> <br /> 24. PK Coleman, “Resolution of Unwanted Pregnancy During Adolescence Through Abortion Versus Childbirth: Individual and Family Predictors and Psychological Consequences,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence (2006).<br /> <br /> 25. N. Maconochie, P. Doyle, S. Prior, R. Simmons, “Risk factors for first trimester miscarriage—results from a UK-population-based case–control study,” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Dec 2006. Abstract available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Recent_Research&diff=711 2009-10-21T21:32:07Z

<p>Admin2: </p> <hr /> <div>Recent Research: Abortion's Harm to Women<br /> <br /> A List of studies from around the world, published since 2000. Some of these studies may already be listed in the library. A downladable version of this list is avalailable at [http://www.theunchoice.com/research.htm]. Download the &quot;Recent Research&quot; fact sheet.<br /> <br /> '''1. 62% Higher Risk of Death from All Causes, 2.5 Times Higher Risk of Suicide'''<br /> Compared to women who give birth, women who abort have an elevated risk of death from all causes, which persists for at least eight years. Higher risk of death from suicide and accidents were most prominent. Projected on the national population, this effect may contribute to 2,000 - 5,000 more deaths among women each year.1 <br /> Southern Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> '''2. 3.5 Times Higher Death Rates from Suicide, Accidents, Homicides (Suicide 6 Times Higher)'''<br /> Researchers examining deaths among the entire population of women in Finland found that those who had abortions had a 3.5 times higher death rate from suicide, accidents, or homicides in the following year. Suicide rates among aborting women were six times higher compared to women who gave birth and two times higher compared to women who miscarried.2 <br /> European Journal of Public Health, 2005<br /> <br /> '''3. Abortion Deaths Underreported on Death Certificates'''<br /> A study of medical records in Finland found that 94 % of maternal deaths associated with abortion are not identifiable from death certificates alone. The researchers found that linking death certificates to medical records showed that the death rate associated with abortion is three times higher than that associated with childbirth.3<br /> Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 2004<br /> <br /> '''4. 65% Suffered Trauma, 31% Had Health Complications'''<br /> In this study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 65% of American women studied experienced multiple symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which they attributed to their abortions. Slightly over 14% reported all the symptoms necessary for a clinical diagnosis of abortion induced PTSD, and 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling. 31% had health complications afterwards.4<br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> '''5. 64% Involve Coercion, 84% Not Fully Informed'''<br /> In the above study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 64% of American women reported that they felt pressured by others to abort. 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling.5 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> '''6. Abortion Linked to Wide Range of Mental Health Disorders'''<br /> A survey of 5,877 women found that women who had abortions were at higher risk for various mental health disorders. Researchers studied 15 different mental health problems, including anxiety disorders (panic disorder, panic attacks, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder), mood disorders (bipolar disorder, mania, major depression) and substance abuse disorders. Abortion made a significant contribution for 12 out of the 15 disorders studied.6<br /> Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2008<br /> <br /> '''7. 30% Higher Risk of Mental Health Problems After Abortion; Abortion Offers No Benefits'''<br /> An ongoing survey of women in New Zealand found that women were 30 percent more likely to experience substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, anxiety disorders and major depression after abortion than after other pregnancy outcomes. No increase in mental health risks was found among women who continued an unplanned pregnancy, and the researchers said there was no evidence abortion offered any mental health benefits to women.7<br /> British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008<br /> <br /> '''8. Higher Rates of Depression, Substance Abuse, Suicidal Behavior After Abortion''' <br /> In a New Zealand study, women who had abortions subsequently experienced higher rates of substance abuse, anxiety disorders, and suicidal behavior than women who had not had abortions, even after controlling for pre-existing conditions. Approximately 42% of women with a history of abortion had experienced major depression in the last four years (nearly double the rate of women who had not been pregnant and 35% higher than those who carried to term).8<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006<br /> <br /> '''9. Significantly Higher Risk of Clinical Depression''' <br /> Compared to women who carry their first unintended pregnancies to term, women who abort their first pregnancies are at significantly higher risk of clinical depression as measured an average of eight years after their first pregnancies.9<br /> British Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> '''10. 65% Higher Risk of Clinical Depression'''<br /> Analysis of a federally funded longitudinal study of American women revealed that, compared to women who gave birth, women who aborted were 65% more likely to be at risk of long-term clinical depression after controlling for age, race, education, marital status, history of divorce, income, and prior psychiatric state.10 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2003<br /> <br /> '''11. 30% Higher Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder'''<br /> Researchers compared women who had no prior history of anxiety and who had experienced a first, unintended pregnancy. Women who aborted were 30% more likely to subsequently report all the symptoms associated with a diagnosis for generalized anxiety disorder, compared to women who carried to term.11<br /> Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2005<br /> <br /> '''12. Five Times Higher Risk of Substance Abuse''' <br /> Women who abort are five times more likely to report subsequent drug or alcohol abuse than women who deliver.12<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2000<br /> <br /> '''13. Unintended First Pregnancies: Increased Substance Abuse if Women Abort'''<br /> Among women who had unintended first pregnancies, those who had abortions were more likely to report, an average of four years later, more frequent and recent use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine than women who gave birth. This is the first study to compare substance abuse rates among women who had unintended pregnancies.13<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2004<br /> <br /> '''14. Nearly Twice as Likely to Be Treated for Sleep Disorders, Which Are Often Trauma-Related'''<br /> In a record based study of nearly 57,000 women with no known history of sleep disorders, women were more likely to be treated for sleep disorders after having an abortion compared to giving birth. Aborting women were nearly twice as likely to be treated for sleep disorders in the first 180 days after the pregnancy ended compared to delivering women. Numerous studies have shown that trauma victims will often experience sleep difficulties.14<br /> Sleep, 2006<br /> <br /> '''15. Records-Based Study Indicates More Outpatient Psychiatric Care''' <br /> Analysis of California Medicaid records shows that women who have abortions subsequently require significantly more treatments for psychiatric illness through outpatient care.15<br /> American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> '''16. 160% More Likely to be Hospitalized for Psychiatric Treatment'''<br /> A review of the medical records of 56,741 California Medicaid patients revealed that women who had abortions were 160% more likely than delivering women to be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in the first 90 days following abortion or delivery. Psychiatric treatment rates remained significantly higher for at least four years.16 <br /> Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2003<br /> <br /> '''17. Abortion Increases Risk of Domestic Violence, Relationship Problems for Both Women and Men'''<br /> Compared to those with no history of abortion, both women and men who had an abortion with their current partner were more likely to report domestic violence, arguing about children and feeling that their lives would be better if the relationship ended. Women who had an abortion with their current partner reported more arguments about money and relatives, and were more likely to experience sexual dysfunction after abortion with a current or previous partner. Men reported more problems with jealousy and drug use after abortion with a current or previous partner.17<br /> Public Health, 2009<br /> <br /> '''18. Father’s Role Significant in Deciding Pregnancy Outcome; Abortion Linked to Later Problems'''<br /> A survey of low-income women who had a previous child found that women who felt they could not rely on their partner to help in caring for the child were more likely to have an abortion. Women who had an abortion were more likely to report subsequent violence by their partner and to report heavy alcohol abuse (three times more likely) and cigarette smoking (twice as likely).18<br /> International Journal of Mental Health &amp; Addiction, 2008<br /> <br /> '''19. Screening for Known Risk Factors Would Dramatically Reduce Abortions'''<br /> This study is an analysis of 63 medical studies that identify risk factors that predict negative psychological reactions to abortion. The review concludes that the number of women suffering from negative emotional reactions to abortion could be dramatically reduced if abortion clinics screened women for these risk factors.19<br /> The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, 2004<br /> <br /> '''20. Subsequent Children Are Negatively Affected'''<br /> The children of women who had abortions have less supportive home environments and more behavioral problems than children of women without a history of abortion. This finding supports the view that abortion may negatively affect bonding with subsequent children, disturb mothering skills, and otherwise impact a woman’s psychological stability.20<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> '''21. Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Five Times More Likely'''<br /> Among women delivering their first pregnancy, women with a history of abortion are five times more likely to use illicit drugs and two times more likely to use alcohol during their pregnancies. This substance use places their unborn children at risk of birth defects, low birth weight, and death.21<br /> American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dec. 2002<br /> <br /> '''22. Increased Smoking and Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies'''<br /> A study of women who had just given birth found that compared to women who had experienced other types of pregnancy loss or had never had an abortion, women who had previously had an abortion are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use marijuana, cocaine, or other illegal drugs during pregnancy.22<br /> British Journal of Health Psychology, 2005<br /> <br /> '''23. 95% Want To Be Fully Informed of All Statistically Associated Risks'''<br /> Women considering elective surgery, such as abortion, consider all information about physical or psychological risks to be very relevant to their decisions. 95% of patients wished to be informed of all risks statistically associated with a procedure, even if the causal connection between the procedure and risk has not been fully proven.23 <br /> Journal of Medical Ethics, 2006<br /> <br /> '''24. Teens Have More Mental Health Problems After Abortion, Even With Unplanned Pregnancies'''<br /> A nationally representative study found that teen girls who abort unintended pregnancies are five times more likely to seek subsequent help for psychological and emotional problems compared to their peers who carry unintended pregnancies to term. Teens who aborted were also three times more likely to report having trouble sleeping and nine times more likely to report subsequent marijuana use. 24<br /> Journal of Youth &amp; Adolescence, 2006<br /> <br /> '''25. Abortion Increases Risk of Later Miscarriage by 60%'''<br /> Researchers in the U.K. surveyed women ages 18 to 55 about their reproductive histories, life-styles and relationships and found that women who had a previous abortion had a 60% higher risk of miscarriage during a later preganancy.25 <br /> BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 2006<br /> <br /> ''The Elliot Institute was involved in many of the studies listed above. For more information, visit www.TheUnChoice.com.'' <br /> <br /> [[User:Admin2|Admin2]]<br /> <br /> '''Citations'''<br /> <br /> 1. DC Reardon et. al., “Deaths Associated With Pregnancy Outcome: A Record Linkage Study of Low Income Women,” Southern Medical Journal 95(8):834-41, Aug. 2002.<br /> <br /> 2. M. Gissler et. al., “Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy, Finland 1987-2000,” European J. Public Health 15(5):459-63, 2005.<br /> <br /> 3. M. Gissler, et. al., “Methods for identifying pregnancyassociated deaths: populationbased data from Finland 1987-2000,” Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology 18(6): 44855, Nov. 2004.<br /> <br /> 4. VM Rue et. al., “Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Medical Science Monitor 10(10): SR5-16, 2004.<br /> <br /> 5. Ibid.<br /> <br /> 6. PK Coleman et. al., “Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey,” Journal of Psychiatric Research doi:10.1016/jpsychires.2008.10.009, 2008.<br /> <br /> 7. DM Fergusson et. al., “Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study,” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193: 444-451, 2008.<br /> <br /> 8. DM Fergusson, et. al., “Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47(1):16-24, 2006.<br /> <br /> 9. DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Depression and Unintended Pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A Cohort Study,” British Medical Journal 324:151-2, 2002.<br /> <br /> 10. JR Cougle, DC Reardon &amp; PK Coleman, “Depression Associated With Abortion and Childbirth: A Long-Term Analysis of the NLSY Cohort,” Medical Science Monitor 9(4):CR105-112, 2003.<br /> <br /> 11. JR Cougle, DC Reardon, PK Coleman, “Generalized Anxiety Following Unintended Pregnancies Resolved Through Childbirth and Abortion: A Cohort Study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth,” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19:137-142, 2005. <br /> <br /> 12. DC Reardon, PG Ney, “Abortion and Subsequent Substance Abuse,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):61-75, 2000.<br /> <br /> 13. D.C. Reardon, P.K. Coleman, and J.R. Cougle, “Substance use associated with unintended pregnancy outcomes in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):369-383, 2004.<br /> <br /> 14. DC Reardon and PK Coleman, “Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record Based-Study,” Sleep 29(1):105-106, 2006.<br /> <br /> 15. PK Coleman et. al., “State-Funded Abortions Versus Deliveries: A Comparison of Outpatient Mental Health Claims Over Four Years,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 72(1):141-152, 2002.<br /> <br /> 16. DC Reardon et. al., “Psychiatric Admissions of Low-Income Women Following Abortions and Childbirth,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(10), 2003.<br /> <br /> 17. P.K. Coleman, V.M. Rue, C.T. Coyle, &quot;Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey,&quot; Public Health (2009), doi:10,1016/j.puhe.2009.01.005.<br /> <br /> 18. PK Coleman et. al., &quot;Predictors and Correlates of Abortion in the Fragile Families and Well-Being Study: Paternal Behavior, Substance Abuse and Partner Violence,&quot; International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, DOI 10.1007/s11469-008-9188-7, 2008.<br /> <br /> 19. DC Reardon, “The Duty to Screen: Clinical, Legal, and Ethical Implications of Predictive Risk Factors of Post-Abortion Maladjustment,” The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 20(2):33-114, Spring 2004.<br /> <br /> 20. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, &amp; JR Cougle, “The Quality of the Caregiving Environment and Child Developmental Outcomes Associated with Maternal History of Abortion Using the NLSY Data,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(6):743-57, 2002.<br /> <br /> 21. PK Coleman et. al., “A History of Induced Abortion in Relation to Substance Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Carried to Term,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1673-8, Dec. 2002.<br /> <br /> 22. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Substance use among pregnant women in the context of previous reproductive loss and desire for current pregnancy,” British Journal of Health Psychology 10, 255-268, 2005.<br /> <br /> 23. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, MB Lee, “Women’s preferences for information and complication seriousness ratings related to elective medical procedures,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 32:435-438, 2006.<br /> <br /> 24. PK Coleman, “Resolution of Unwanted Pregnancy During Adolescence Through Abortion Versus Childbirth: Individual and Family Predictors and Psychological Consequences,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence (2006).<br /> <br /> 25. N. Maconochie, P. Doyle, S. Prior, R. Simmons, “Risk factors for first trimester miscarriage—results from a UK-population-based case–control study,” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Dec 2006. Abstract available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Recent_Research&diff=710 2009-10-21T21:31:19Z

<p>Admin2: </p> <hr /> <div>A List of Studies Published Since 2000<br /> <br /> Some of these studies may already be listed in the library. A downladable version of this list is avalailable at [http://www.theunchoice.com/research.htm]. Download the &quot;Recent Research&quot; fact sheet.<br /> <br /> '''1. 62% Higher Risk of Death from All Causes, 2.5 Times Higher Risk of Suicide'''<br /> Compared to women who give birth, women who abort have an elevated risk of death from all causes, which persists for at least eight years. Higher risk of death from suicide and accidents were most prominent. Projected on the national population, this effect may contribute to 2,000 - 5,000 more deaths among women each year.1 <br /> Southern Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> '''2. 3.5 Times Higher Death Rates from Suicide, Accidents, Homicides (Suicide 6 Times Higher)'''<br /> Researchers examining deaths among the entire population of women in Finland found that those who had abortions had a 3.5 times higher death rate from suicide, accidents, or homicides in the following year. Suicide rates among aborting women were six times higher compared to women who gave birth and two times higher compared to women who miscarried.2 <br /> European Journal of Public Health, 2005<br /> <br /> '''3. Abortion Deaths Underreported on Death Certificates'''<br /> A study of medical records in Finland found that 94 % of maternal deaths associated with abortion are not identifiable from death certificates alone. The researchers found that linking death certificates to medical records showed that the death rate associated with abortion is three times higher than that associated with childbirth.3<br /> Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 2004<br /> <br /> '''4. 65% Suffered Trauma, 31% Had Health Complications'''<br /> In this study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 65% of American women studied experienced multiple symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which they attributed to their abortions. Slightly over 14% reported all the symptoms necessary for a clinical diagnosis of abortion induced PTSD, and 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling. 31% had health complications afterwards.4<br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> '''5. 64% Involve Coercion, 84% Not Fully Informed'''<br /> In the above study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 64% of American women reported that they felt pressured by others to abort. 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling.5 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> '''6. Abortion Linked to Wide Range of Mental Health Disorders'''<br /> A survey of 5,877 women found that women who had abortions were at higher risk for various mental health disorders. Researchers studied 15 different mental health problems, including anxiety disorders (panic disorder, panic attacks, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder), mood disorders (bipolar disorder, mania, major depression) and substance abuse disorders. Abortion made a significant contribution for 12 out of the 15 disorders studied.6<br /> Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2008<br /> <br /> '''7. 30% Higher Risk of Mental Health Problems After Abortion; Abortion Offers No Benefits'''<br /> An ongoing survey of women in New Zealand found that women were 30 percent more likely to experience substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, anxiety disorders and major depression after abortion than after other pregnancy outcomes. No increase in mental health risks was found among women who continued an unplanned pregnancy, and the researchers said there was no evidence abortion offered any mental health benefits to women.7<br /> British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008<br /> <br /> '''8. Higher Rates of Depression, Substance Abuse, Suicidal Behavior After Abortion''' <br /> In a New Zealand study, women who had abortions subsequently experienced higher rates of substance abuse, anxiety disorders, and suicidal behavior than women who had not had abortions, even after controlling for pre-existing conditions. Approximately 42% of women with a history of abortion had experienced major depression in the last four years (nearly double the rate of women who had not been pregnant and 35% higher than those who carried to term).8<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006<br /> <br /> '''9. Significantly Higher Risk of Clinical Depression''' <br /> Compared to women who carry their first unintended pregnancies to term, women who abort their first pregnancies are at significantly higher risk of clinical depression as measured an average of eight years after their first pregnancies.9<br /> British Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> '''10. 65% Higher Risk of Clinical Depression'''<br /> Analysis of a federally funded longitudinal study of American women revealed that, compared to women who gave birth, women who aborted were 65% more likely to be at risk of long-term clinical depression after controlling for age, race, education, marital status, history of divorce, income, and prior psychiatric state.10 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2003<br /> <br /> '''11. 30% Higher Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder'''<br /> Researchers compared women who had no prior history of anxiety and who had experienced a first, unintended pregnancy. Women who aborted were 30% more likely to subsequently report all the symptoms associated with a diagnosis for generalized anxiety disorder, compared to women who carried to term.11<br /> Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2005<br /> <br /> '''12. Five Times Higher Risk of Substance Abuse''' <br /> Women who abort are five times more likely to report subsequent drug or alcohol abuse than women who deliver.12<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2000<br /> <br /> '''13. Unintended First Pregnancies: Increased Substance Abuse if Women Abort'''<br /> Among women who had unintended first pregnancies, those who had abortions were more likely to report, an average of four years later, more frequent and recent use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine than women who gave birth. This is the first study to compare substance abuse rates among women who had unintended pregnancies.13<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2004<br /> <br /> '''14. Nearly Twice as Likely to Be Treated for Sleep Disorders, Which Are Often Trauma-Related'''<br /> In a record based study of nearly 57,000 women with no known history of sleep disorders, women were more likely to be treated for sleep disorders after having an abortion compared to giving birth. Aborting women were nearly twice as likely to be treated for sleep disorders in the first 180 days after the pregnancy ended compared to delivering women. Numerous studies have shown that trauma victims will often experience sleep difficulties.14<br /> Sleep, 2006<br /> <br /> '''15. Records-Based Study Indicates More Outpatient Psychiatric Care''' <br /> Analysis of California Medicaid records shows that women who have abortions subsequently require significantly more treatments for psychiatric illness through outpatient care.15<br /> American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> '''16. 160% More Likely to be Hospitalized for Psychiatric Treatment'''<br /> A review of the medical records of 56,741 California Medicaid patients revealed that women who had abortions were 160% more likely than delivering women to be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in the first 90 days following abortion or delivery. Psychiatric treatment rates remained significantly higher for at least four years.16 <br /> Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2003<br /> <br /> '''17. Abortion Increases Risk of Domestic Violence, Relationship Problems for Both Women and Men'''<br /> Compared to those with no history of abortion, both women and men who had an abortion with their current partner were more likely to report domestic violence, arguing about children and feeling that their lives would be better if the relationship ended. Women who had an abortion with their current partner reported more arguments about money and relatives, and were more likely to experience sexual dysfunction after abortion with a current or previous partner. Men reported more problems with jealousy and drug use after abortion with a current or previous partner.17<br /> Public Health, 2009<br /> <br /> '''18. Father’s Role Significant in Deciding Pregnancy Outcome; Abortion Linked to Later Problems'''<br /> A survey of low-income women who had a previous child found that women who felt they could not rely on their partner to help in caring for the child were more likely to have an abortion. Women who had an abortion were more likely to report subsequent violence by their partner and to report heavy alcohol abuse (three times more likely) and cigarette smoking (twice as likely).18<br /> International Journal of Mental Health &amp; Addiction, 2008<br /> <br /> '''19. Screening for Known Risk Factors Would Dramatically Reduce Abortions'''<br /> This study is an analysis of 63 medical studies that identify risk factors that predict negative psychological reactions to abortion. The review concludes that the number of women suffering from negative emotional reactions to abortion could be dramatically reduced if abortion clinics screened women for these risk factors.19<br /> The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, 2004<br /> <br /> '''20. Subsequent Children Are Negatively Affected'''<br /> The children of women who had abortions have less supportive home environments and more behavioral problems than children of women without a history of abortion. This finding supports the view that abortion may negatively affect bonding with subsequent children, disturb mothering skills, and otherwise impact a woman’s psychological stability.20<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> '''21. Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Five Times More Likely'''<br /> Among women delivering their first pregnancy, women with a history of abortion are five times more likely to use illicit drugs and two times more likely to use alcohol during their pregnancies. This substance use places their unborn children at risk of birth defects, low birth weight, and death.21<br /> American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dec. 2002<br /> <br /> '''22. Increased Smoking and Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies'''<br /> A study of women who had just given birth found that compared to women who had experienced other types of pregnancy loss or had never had an abortion, women who had previously had an abortion are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use marijuana, cocaine, or other illegal drugs during pregnancy.22<br /> British Journal of Health Psychology, 2005<br /> <br /> '''23. 95% Want To Be Fully Informed of All Statistically Associated Risks'''<br /> Women considering elective surgery, such as abortion, consider all information about physical or psychological risks to be very relevant to their decisions. 95% of patients wished to be informed of all risks statistically associated with a procedure, even if the causal connection between the procedure and risk has not been fully proven.23 <br /> Journal of Medical Ethics, 2006<br /> <br /> '''24. Teens Have More Mental Health Problems After Abortion, Even With Unplanned Pregnancies'''<br /> A nationally representative study found that teen girls who abort unintended pregnancies are five times more likely to seek subsequent help for psychological and emotional problems compared to their peers who carry unintended pregnancies to term. Teens who aborted were also three times more likely to report having trouble sleeping and nine times more likely to report subsequent marijuana use. 24<br /> Journal of Youth &amp; Adolescence, 2006<br /> <br /> '''25. Abortion Increases Risk of Later Miscarriage by 60%'''<br /> Researchers in the U.K. surveyed women ages 18 to 55 about their reproductive histories, life-styles and relationships and found that women who had a previous abortion had a 60% higher risk of miscarriage during a later preganancy.25 <br /> BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 2006<br /> <br /> ''The Elliot Institute was involved in many of the studies listed above. For more information, visit www.TheUnChoice.com.'' <br /> <br /> [[User:Admin2|Admin2]]<br /> <br /> '''Citations'''<br /> <br /> 1. DC Reardon et. al., “Deaths Associated With Pregnancy Outcome: A Record Linkage Study of Low Income Women,” Southern Medical Journal 95(8):834-41, Aug. 2002.<br /> <br /> 2. M. Gissler et. al., “Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy, Finland 1987-2000,” European J. Public Health 15(5):459-63, 2005.<br /> <br /> 3. M. Gissler, et. al., “Methods for identifying pregnancyassociated deaths: populationbased data from Finland 1987-2000,” Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology 18(6): 44855, Nov. 2004.<br /> <br /> 4. VM Rue et. al., “Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Medical Science Monitor 10(10): SR5-16, 2004.<br /> <br /> 5. Ibid.<br /> <br /> 6. PK Coleman et. al., “Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey,” Journal of Psychiatric Research doi:10.1016/jpsychires.2008.10.009, 2008.<br /> <br /> 7. DM Fergusson et. al., “Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study,” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193: 444-451, 2008.<br /> <br /> 8. DM Fergusson, et. al., “Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47(1):16-24, 2006.<br /> <br /> 9. DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Depression and Unintended Pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A Cohort Study,” British Medical Journal 324:151-2, 2002.<br /> <br /> 10. JR Cougle, DC Reardon &amp; PK Coleman, “Depression Associated With Abortion and Childbirth: A Long-Term Analysis of the NLSY Cohort,” Medical Science Monitor 9(4):CR105-112, 2003.<br /> <br /> 11. JR Cougle, DC Reardon, PK Coleman, “Generalized Anxiety Following Unintended Pregnancies Resolved Through Childbirth and Abortion: A Cohort Study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth,” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19:137-142, 2005. <br /> <br /> 12. DC Reardon, PG Ney, “Abortion and Subsequent Substance Abuse,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):61-75, 2000.<br /> <br /> 13. D.C. Reardon, P.K. Coleman, and J.R. Cougle, “Substance use associated with unintended pregnancy outcomes in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):369-383, 2004.<br /> <br /> 14. DC Reardon and PK Coleman, “Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record Based-Study,” Sleep 29(1):105-106, 2006.<br /> <br /> 15. PK Coleman et. al., “State-Funded Abortions Versus Deliveries: A Comparison of Outpatient Mental Health Claims Over Four Years,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 72(1):141-152, 2002.<br /> <br /> 16. DC Reardon et. al., “Psychiatric Admissions of Low-Income Women Following Abortions and Childbirth,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(10), 2003.<br /> <br /> 17. P.K. Coleman, V.M. Rue, C.T. Coyle, &quot;Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey,&quot; Public Health (2009), doi:10,1016/j.puhe.2009.01.005.<br /> <br /> 18. PK Coleman et. al., &quot;Predictors and Correlates of Abortion in the Fragile Families and Well-Being Study: Paternal Behavior, Substance Abuse and Partner Violence,&quot; International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, DOI 10.1007/s11469-008-9188-7, 2008.<br /> <br /> 19. DC Reardon, “The Duty to Screen: Clinical, Legal, and Ethical Implications of Predictive Risk Factors of Post-Abortion Maladjustment,” The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 20(2):33-114, Spring 2004.<br /> <br /> 20. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, &amp; JR Cougle, “The Quality of the Caregiving Environment and Child Developmental Outcomes Associated with Maternal History of Abortion Using the NLSY Data,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(6):743-57, 2002.<br /> <br /> 21. PK Coleman et. al., “A History of Induced Abortion in Relation to Substance Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Carried to Term,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1673-8, Dec. 2002.<br /> <br /> 22. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Substance use among pregnant women in the context of previous reproductive loss and desire for current pregnancy,” British Journal of Health Psychology 10, 255-268, 2005.<br /> <br /> 23. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, MB Lee, “Women’s preferences for information and complication seriousness ratings related to elective medical procedures,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 32:435-438, 2006.<br /> <br /> 24. PK Coleman, “Resolution of Unwanted Pregnancy During Adolescence Through Abortion Versus Childbirth: Individual and Family Predictors and Psychological Consequences,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence (2006).<br /> <br /> 25. N. Maconochie, P. Doyle, S. Prior, R. Simmons, “Risk factors for first trimester miscarriage—results from a UK-population-based case–control study,” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Dec 2006. Abstract available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Recent_Research&diff=709 2009-10-21T21:27:45Z

<p>Admin2: A summary of new studies from around the world published since 2000.</p> <hr /> <div>A List of Studies Published Since 2000<br /> <br /> Some of these studies may already be listed in the library. A downladable version of this list is avalailable at [http://www.theunchoice.com/research.htm]. Download the &quot;Recent Research&quot; fact sheet.<br /> <br /> 1. 62% Higher Risk of Death from All Causes, 2.5 Times Higher Risk of Suicide<br /> Compared to women who give birth, women who abort have an elevated risk of death from all causes, which persists for at least eight years. Higher risk of death from suicide and accidents were most prominent. Projected on the national population, this effect may contribute to 2,000 - 5,000 more deaths among women each year.1 <br /> Southern Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> 2. 3.5 Times Higher Death Rates from Suicide, Accidents, Homicides (Suicide 6 Times Higher)<br /> Researchers examining deaths among the entire population of women in Finland found that those who had abortions had a 3.5 times higher death rate from suicide, accidents, or homicides in the following year. Suicide rates among aborting women were six times higher compared to women who gave birth and two times higher compared to women who miscarried.2 <br /> European Journal of Public Health, 2005<br /> <br /> 3. Abortion Deaths Underreported on Death Certificates<br /> A study of medical records in Finland found that 94 % of maternal deaths associated with abortion are not identifiable from death certificates alone. The researchers found that linking death certificates to medical records showed that the death rate associated with abortion is three times higher than that associated with childbirth.3<br /> Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 2004<br /> <br /> 4. 65% Suffered Trauma, 31% Had Health Complications<br /> In this study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 65% of American women studied experienced multiple symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which they attributed to their abortions. Slightly over 14% reported all the symptoms necessary for a clinical diagnosis of abortion induced PTSD, and 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling. 31% had health complications afterwards.4<br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> 5. 64% Involve Coercion, 84% Not Fully Informed<br /> In the above study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 64% of American women reported that they felt pressured by others to abort. 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling.5 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> 6. Abortion Linked to Wide Range of Mental Health Disorders<br /> A survey of 5,877 women found that women who had abortions were at higher risk for various mental health disorders. Researchers studied 15 different mental health problems, including anxiety disorders (panic disorder, panic attacks, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder), mood disorders (bipolar disorder, mania, major depression) and substance abuse disorders. Abortion made a significant contribution for 12 out of the 15 disorders studied.6<br /> Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2008<br /> <br /> 7. 30% Higher Risk of Mental Health Problems After Abortion; Abortion Offers No Benefits<br /> An ongoing survey of women in New Zealand found that women were 30 percent more likely to experience substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, anxiety disorders and major depression after abortion than after other pregnancy outcomes. No increase in mental health risks was found among women who continued an unplanned pregnancy, and the researchers said there was no evidence abortion offered any mental health benefits to women.7<br /> British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008<br /> 8. Higher Rates of Depression, Substance Abuse, Suicidal Behavior After Abortion <br /> In a New Zealand study, women who had abortions subsequently experienced higher rates of substance abuse, anxiety disorders, and suicidal behavior than women who had not had abortions, even after controlling for pre-existing conditions. Approximately 42% of women with a history of abortion had experienced major depression in the last four years (nearly double the rate of women who had not been pregnant and 35% higher than those who carried to term).8<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006<br /> <br /> 9. Significantly Higher Risk of Clinical Depression <br /> Compared to women who carry their first unintended pregnancies to term, women who abort their first pregnancies are at significantly higher risk of clinical depression as measured an average of eight years after their first pregnancies.9<br /> British Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> 10. 65% Higher Risk of Clinical Depression<br /> Analysis of a federally funded longitudinal study of American women revealed that, compared to women who gave birth, women who aborted were 65% more likely to be at risk of long-term clinical depression after controlling for age, race, education, marital status, history of divorce, income, and prior psychiatric state.10 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2003<br /> <br /> 11. 30% Higher Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder<br /> Researchers compared women who had no prior history of anxiety and who had experienced a first, unintended pregnancy. Women who aborted were 30% more likely to subsequently report all the symptoms associated with a diagnosis for generalized anxiety disorder, compared to women who carried to term.11<br /> Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2005<br /> <br /> 12. Five Times Higher Risk of Substance Abuse <br /> Women who abort are five times more likely to report subsequent drug or alcohol abuse than women who deliver.12<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2000<br /> <br /> 13. Unintended First Pregnancies: Increased Substance Abuse if Women Abort<br /> Among women who had unintended first pregnancies, those who had abortions were more likely to report, an average of four years later, more frequent and recent use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine than women who gave birth. This is the first study to compare substance abuse rates among women who had unintended pregnancies.13<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2004<br /> <br /> 14. Nearly Twice as Likely to Be Treated for Sleep Disorders, Which Are Often Trauma-Related<br /> In a record based study of nearly 57,000 women with no known history of sleep disorders, women were more likely to be treated for sleep disorders after having an abortion compared to giving birth. Aborting women were nearly twice as likely to be treated for sleep disorders in the first 180 days after the pregnancy ended compared to delivering women. Numerous studies have shown that trauma victims will often experience sleep difficulties.14<br /> Sleep, 2006<br /> <br /> 15. Records-Based Study Indicates More Outpatient Psychiatric Care <br /> Analysis of California Medicaid records shows that women who have abortions subsequently require significantly more treatments for psychiatric illness through outpatient care.15<br /> American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> 16. 160% More Likely to be Hospitalized for Psychiatric Treatment<br /> A review of the medical records of 56,741 California Medicaid patients revealed that women who had abortions were 160% more likely than delivering women to be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in the first 90 days following abortion or delivery. Psychiatric treatment rates remained significantly higher for at least four years.16 <br /> Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2003<br /> 17. Abortion Increases Risk of Domestic Violence, Relationship Problems for Both Women and Men<br /> Compared to those with no history of abortion, both women and men who had an abortion with their current partner were more likely to report domestic violence, arguing about children and feeling that their lives would be better if the relationship ended. Women who had an abortion with their current partner reported more arguments about money and relatives, and were more likely to experience sexual dysfunction after abortion with a current or previous partner. Men reported more problems with jealousy and drug use after abortion with a current or previous partner.17<br /> Public Health, 2009<br /> <br /> 18. Father’s Role Significant in Deciding Pregnancy Outcome; Abortion Linked to Later Problems<br /> A survey of low-income women who had a previous child found that women who felt they could not rely on their partner to help in caring for the child were more likely to have an abortion. Women who had an abortion were more likely to report subsequent violence by their partner and to report heavy alcohol abuse (three times more likely) and cigarette smoking (twice as likely).18<br /> International Journal of Mental Health &amp; Addiction, 2008<br /> <br /> 19. Screening for Known Risk Factors Would Dramatically Reduce Abortions<br /> This study is an analysis of 63 medical studies that identify risk factors that predict negative psychological reactions to abortion. The review concludes that the number of women suffering from negative emotional reactions to abortion could be dramatically reduced if abortion clinics screened women for these risk factors.19<br /> The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, 2004<br /> <br /> 20. Subsequent Children Are Negatively Affected<br /> The children of women who had abortions have less supportive home environments and more behavioral problems than children of women without a history of abortion. This finding supports the view that abortion may negatively affect bonding with subsequent children, disturb mothering skills, and otherwise impact a woman’s psychological stability.20<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> 21. Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Five Times More Likely<br /> Among women delivering their first pregnancy, women with a history of abortion are five times more likely to use illicit drugs and two times more likely to use alcohol during their pregnancies. This substance use places their unborn children at risk of birth defects, low birth weight, and death.21<br /> American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dec. 2002<br /> <br /> 22. Increased Smoking and Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies<br /> A study of women who had just given birth found that compared to women who had experienced other types of pregnancy loss or had never had an abortion, women who had previously had an abortion are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use marijuana, cocaine, or other illegal drugs during pregnancy.22<br /> British Journal of Health Psychology, 2005<br /> <br /> 23. 95% Want To Be Fully Informed of All Statistically Associated Risks<br /> Women considering elective surgery, such as abortion, consider all information about physical or psychological risks to be very relevant to their decisions. 95% of patients wished to be informed of all risks statistically associated with a procedure, even if the causal connection between the procedure and risk has not been fully proven.23 <br /> Journal of Medical Ethics, 2006<br /> <br /> 24. Teens Have More Mental Health Problems After Abortion, Even With Unplanned Pregnancies<br /> A nationally representative study found that teen girls who abort unintended pregnancies are five times more likely to seek subsequent help for psychological and emotional problems compared to their peers who carry unintended pregnancies to term. Teens who aborted were also three times more likely to report having trouble sleeping and nine times more likely to report subsequent marijuana use. 24<br /> Journal of Youth &amp; Adolescence, 2006<br /> 25. Abortion Increases Risk of Later Miscarriage by 60%<br /> Researchers in the U.K. surveyed women ages 18 to 55 about their reproductive histories, life-styles and relationships and found that women who had a previous abortion had a 60% higher risk of miscarriage during a later preganancy.25 <br /> BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 2006<br /> <br /> The Elliot Institute was involved in many of the studies listed above. For more information, visit www.TheUnChoice.com. <br /> <br /> Citations<br /> 1. DC Reardon et. al., “Deaths Associated With Pregnancy Outcome: A Record Linkage Study of Low Income Women,” Southern Medical Journal 95(8):834-41, Aug. 2002.<br /> <br /> 2. M. Gissler et. al., “Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy, Finland 1987-2000,” European J. Public Health 15(5):459-63, 2005.<br /> <br /> 3. M. Gissler, et. al., “Methods for identifying pregnancyassociated deaths: populationbased data from Finland 1987-2000,” Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology 18(6): 44855, Nov. 2004.<br /> <br /> 4. VM Rue et. al., “Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Medical Science Monitor 10(10): SR5-16, 2004.<br /> <br /> 5. Ibid.<br /> <br /> 6. PK Coleman et. al., “Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey,” Journal of Psychiatric Research doi:10.1016/jpsychires.2008.10.009, 2008.<br /> <br /> 7. DM Fergusson et. al., “Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study,” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193: 444-451, 2008.<br /> <br /> 8. DM Fergusson, et. al., “Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47(1):16-24, 2006.<br /> <br /> 9. DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Depression and Unintended Pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A Cohort Study,” British Medical Journal 324:151-2, 2002.<br /> <br /> 10. JR Cougle, DC Reardon &amp; PK Coleman, “Depression Associated With Abortion and Childbirth: A Long-Term Analysis of the NLSY Cohort,” Medical Science Monitor 9(4):CR105-112, 2003.<br /> <br /> 11. JR Cougle, DC Reardon, PK Coleman, “Generalized Anxiety Following Unintended Pregnancies Resolved Through Childbirth and Abortion: A Cohort Study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth,” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19:137-142, 2005. <br /> <br /> 12. DC Reardon, PG Ney, “Abortion and Subsequent Substance Abuse,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):61-75, 2000.<br /> <br /> 13. D.C. Reardon, P.K. Coleman, and J.R. Cougle, “Substance use associated with unintended pregnancy outcomes in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):369-383, 2004.<br /> <br /> 14. DC Reardon and PK Coleman, “Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record Based-Study,” Sleep 29(1):105-106, 2006.<br /> <br /> 15. PK Coleman et. al., “State-Funded Abortions Versus Deliveries: A Comparison of Outpatient Mental Health Claims Over Four Years,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 72(1):141-152, 2002.<br /> <br /> 16. DC Reardon et. al., “Psychiatric Admissions of Low-Income Women Following Abortions and Childbirth,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(10), 2003.<br /> <br /> 17. P.K. Coleman, V.M. Rue, C.T. Coyle, &quot;Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey,&quot; Public Health (2009), doi:10,1016/j.puhe.2009.01.005.<br /> <br /> 18. PK Coleman et. al., &quot;Predictors and Correlates of Abortion in the Fragile Families and Well-Being Study: Paternal Behavior, Substance Abuse and Partner Violence,&quot; International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, DOI 10.1007/s11469-008-9188-7, 2008.<br /> <br /> 19. DC Reardon, “The Duty to Screen: Clinical, Legal, and Ethical Implications of Predictive Risk Factors of Post-Abortion Maladjustment,” The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 20(2):33-114, Spring 2004.<br /> <br /> 20. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, &amp; JR Cougle, “The Quality of the Caregiving Environment and Child Developmental Outcomes Associated with Maternal History of Abortion Using the NLSY Data,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(6):743-57, 2002.<br /> <br /> 21. PK Coleman et. al., “A History of Induced Abortion in Relation to Substance Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Carried to Term,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1673-8, Dec. 2002.<br /> <br /> 22. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Substance use among pregnant women in the context of previous reproductive loss and desire for current pregnancy,” British Journal of Health Psychology 10, 255-268, 2005.<br /> <br /> 23. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, MB Lee, “Women’s preferences for information and complication seriousness ratings related to elective medical procedures,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 32:435-438, 2006.<br /> <br /> 24. PK Coleman, “Resolution of Unwanted Pregnancy During Adolescence Through Abortion Versus Childbirth: Individual and Family Predictors and Psychological Consequences,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence (2006).<br /> <br /> 25. N. Maconochie, P. Doyle, S. Prior, R. Simmons, “Risk factors for first trimester miscarriage—results from a UK-population-based case–control study,” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Dec 2006. Abstract available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Recent_Research&diff=708 2009-10-21T21:26:26Z

<p>Admin2: New page: A List of Studies Published Since 2000 Some of these studies may already be listed in the library. A downladable version of this list is avalailable at [http://www.theunchoice.com/researc...</p> <hr /> <div>A List of Studies Published Since 2000<br /> <br /> Some of these studies may already be listed in the library. A downladable version of this list is avalailable at [http://www.theunchoice.com/research.htm]. Download the &quot;Recent Research&quot; fact sheet.<br /> <br /> 1. 62% Higher Risk of Death from All Causes, 2.5 Times Higher Risk of Suicide<br /> Compared to women who give birth, women who abort have an elevated risk of death from all causes, which persists for at least eight years. Higher risk of death from suicide and accidents were most prominent. Projected on the national population, this effect may contribute to 2,000 - 5,000 more deaths among women each year.1 <br /> Southern Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> 2. 3.5 Times Higher Death Rates from Suicide, Accidents, Homicides (Suicide 6 Times Higher)<br /> Researchers examining deaths among the entire population of women in Finland found that those who had abortions had a 3.5 times higher death rate from suicide, accidents, or homicides in the following year. Suicide rates among aborting women were six times higher compared to women who gave birth and two times higher compared to women who miscarried.2 <br /> European Journal of Public Health, 2005<br /> <br /> 3. Abortion Deaths Underreported on Death Certificates<br /> A study of medical records in Finland found that 94 % of maternal deaths associated with abortion are not identifiable from death certificates alone. The researchers found that linking death certificates to medical records showed that the death rate associated with abortion is three times higher than that associated with childbirth.3<br /> Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 2004<br /> <br /> 4. 65% Suffered Trauma, 31% Had Health Complications<br /> In this study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 65% of American women studied experienced multiple symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which they attributed to their abortions. Slightly over 14% reported all the symptoms necessary for a clinical diagnosis of abortion induced PTSD, and 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling. 31% had health complications afterwards.4<br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> 5. 64% Involve Coercion, 84% Not Fully Informed<br /> In the above study comparing American and Russian women who had experienced abortion, 64% of American women reported that they felt pressured by others to abort. 84% said they did not receive adequate counseling.5 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2004<br /> <br /> 6. Abortion Linked to Wide Range of Mental Health Disorders<br /> A survey of 5,877 women found that women who had abortions were at higher risk for various mental health disorders. Researchers studied 15 different mental health problems, including anxiety disorders (panic disorder, panic attacks, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder), mood disorders (bipolar disorder, mania, major depression) and substance abuse disorders. Abortion made a significant contribution for 12 out of the 15 disorders studied.6<br /> Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2008<br /> <br /> 7. 30% Higher Risk of Mental Health Problems After Abortion; Abortion Offers No Benefits<br /> An ongoing survey of women in New Zealand found that women were 30 percent more likely to experience substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, anxiety disorders and major depression after abortion than after other pregnancy outcomes. No increase in mental health risks was found among women who continued an unplanned pregnancy, and the researchers said there was no evidence abortion offered any mental health benefits to women.7<br /> British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008<br /> 8. Higher Rates of Depression, Substance Abuse, Suicidal Behavior After Abortion <br /> In a New Zealand study, women who had abortions subsequently experienced higher rates of substance abuse, anxiety disorders, and suicidal behavior than women who had not had abortions, even after controlling for pre-existing conditions. Approximately 42% of women with a history of abortion had experienced major depression in the last four years (nearly double the rate of women who had not been pregnant and 35% higher than those who carried to term).8<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006<br /> <br /> 9. Significantly Higher Risk of Clinical Depression <br /> Compared to women who carry their first unintended pregnancies to term, women who abort their first pregnancies are at significantly higher risk of clinical depression as measured an average of eight years after their first pregnancies.9<br /> British Medical Journal, 2002<br /> <br /> 10. 65% Higher Risk of Clinical Depression<br /> Analysis of a federally funded longitudinal study of American women revealed that, compared to women who gave birth, women who aborted were 65% more likely to be at risk of long-term clinical depression after controlling for age, race, education, marital status, history of divorce, income, and prior psychiatric state.10 <br /> Medical Science Monitor, 2003<br /> <br /> 11. 30% Higher Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder<br /> Researchers compared women who had no prior history of anxiety and who had experienced a first, unintended pregnancy. Women who aborted were 30% more likely to subsequently report all the symptoms associated with a diagnosis for generalized anxiety disorder, compared to women who carried to term.11<br /> Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2005<br /> <br /> 12. Five Times Higher Risk of Substance Abuse <br /> Women who abort are five times more likely to report subsequent drug or alcohol abuse than women who deliver.12<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2000<br /> <br /> 13. Unintended First Pregnancies: Increased Substance Abuse if Women Abort<br /> Among women who had unintended first pregnancies, those who had abortions were more likely to report, an average of four years later, more frequent and recent use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine than women who gave birth. This is the first study to compare substance abuse rates among women who had unintended pregnancies.13<br /> American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2004<br /> <br /> 14. Nearly Twice as Likely to Be Treated for Sleep Disorders, Which Are Often Trauma-Related<br /> In a record based study of nearly 57,000 women with no known history of sleep disorders, women were more likely to be treated for sleep disorders after having an abortion compared to giving birth. Aborting women were nearly twice as likely to be treated for sleep disorders in the first 180 days after the pregnancy ended compared to delivering women. Numerous studies have shown that trauma victims will often experience sleep difficulties.14<br /> Sleep, 2006<br /> <br /> 15. Records-Based Study Indicates More Outpatient Psychiatric Care <br /> Analysis of California Medicaid records shows that women who have abortions subsequently require significantly more treatments for psychiatric illness through outpatient care.15<br /> American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> 16. 160% More Likely to be Hospitalized for Psychiatric Treatment<br /> A review of the medical records of 56,741 California Medicaid patients revealed that women who had abortions were 160% more likely than delivering women to be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in the first 90 days following abortion or delivery. Psychiatric treatment rates remained significantly higher for at least four years.16 <br /> Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2003<br /> 17. Abortion Increases Risk of Domestic Violence, Relationship Problems for Both Women and Men<br /> Compared to those with no history of abortion, both women and men who had an abortion with their current partner were more likely to report domestic violence, arguing about children and feeling that their lives would be better if the relationship ended. Women who had an abortion with their current partner reported more arguments about money and relatives, and were more likely to experience sexual dysfunction after abortion with a current or previous partner. Men reported more problems with jealousy and drug use after abortion with a current or previous partner.17<br /> Public Health, 2009<br /> <br /> 18. Father’s Role Significant in Deciding Pregnancy Outcome; Abortion Linked to Later Problems<br /> A survey of low-income women who had a previous child found that women who felt they could not rely on their partner to help in caring for the child were more likely to have an abortion. Women who had an abortion were more likely to report subsequent violence by their partner and to report heavy alcohol abuse (three times more likely) and cigarette smoking (twice as likely).18<br /> International Journal of Mental Health &amp; Addiction, 2008<br /> <br /> 19. Screening for Known Risk Factors Would Dramatically Reduce Abortions<br /> This study is an analysis of 63 medical studies that identify risk factors that predict negative psychological reactions to abortion. The review concludes that the number of women suffering from negative emotional reactions to abortion could be dramatically reduced if abortion clinics screened women for these risk factors.19<br /> The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, 2004<br /> <br /> 20. Subsequent Children Are Negatively Affected<br /> The children of women who had abortions have less supportive home environments and more behavioral problems than children of women without a history of abortion. This finding supports the view that abortion may negatively affect bonding with subsequent children, disturb mothering skills, and otherwise impact a woman’s psychological stability.20<br /> Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2002<br /> <br /> 21. Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Five Times More Likely<br /> Among women delivering their first pregnancy, women with a history of abortion are five times more likely to use illicit drugs and two times more likely to use alcohol during their pregnancies. This substance use places their unborn children at risk of birth defects, low birth weight, and death.21<br /> American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dec. 2002<br /> <br /> 22. Increased Smoking and Drug Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies<br /> A study of women who had just given birth found that compared to women who had experienced other types of pregnancy loss or had never had an abortion, women who had previously had an abortion are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use marijuana, cocaine, or other illegal drugs during pregnancy.22<br /> British Journal of Health Psychology, 2005<br /> <br /> 23. 95% Want To Be Fully Informed of All Statistically Associated Risks<br /> Women considering elective surgery, such as abortion, consider all information about physical or psychological risks to be very relevant to their decisions. 95% of patients wished to be informed of all risks statistically associated with a procedure, even if the causal connection between the procedure and risk has not been fully proven.23 <br /> Journal of Medical Ethics, 2006<br /> <br /> 24. Teens Have More Mental Health Problems After Abortion, Even With Unplanned Pregnancies<br /> A nationally representative study found that teen girls who abort unintended pregnancies are five times more likely to seek subsequent help for psychological and emotional problems compared to their peers who carry unintended pregnancies to term. Teens who aborted were also three times more likely to report having trouble sleeping and nine times more likely to report subsequent marijuana use. 24<br /> Journal of Youth &amp; Adolescence, 2006<br /> 25. Abortion Increases Risk of Later Miscarriage by 60%<br /> Researchers in the U.K. surveyed women ages 18 to 55 about their reproductive histories, life-styles and relationships and found that women who had a previous abortion had a 60% higher risk of miscarriage during a later preganancy.25 <br /> BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 2006<br /> <br /> The Elliot Institute was involved in many of the studies listed above. For more information, visit www.TheUnChoice.com. <br /> <br /> Citations<br /> 1. DC Reardon et. al., “Deaths Associated With Pregnancy Outcome: A Record Linkage Study of Low Income Women,” Southern Medical Journal 95(8):834-41, Aug. 2002.<br /> 2. M. Gissler et. al., “Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy, Finland 1987-2000,” European J. Public Health 15(5):459-63, 2005.<br /> 3. M. Gissler, et. al., “Methods for identifying pregnancyassociated deaths: populationbased data from Finland 1987-2000,” Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology 18(6): 44855, Nov. 2004.<br /> 4. VM Rue et. al., “Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Medical Science Monitor 10(10): SR5-16, 2004.<br /> 5. Ibid.<br /> 6. PK Coleman et. al., “Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey,” Journal of Psychiatric Research doi:10.1016/jpsychires.2008.10.009, 2008.<br /> 7. DM Fergusson et. al., “Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study,” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193: 444-451, 2008.<br /> 8. DM Fergusson, et. al., “Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47(1):16-24, 2006.<br /> 9. DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Depression and Unintended Pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A Cohort Study,” British Medical Journal 324:151-2, 2002.<br /> 10. JR Cougle, DC Reardon &amp; PK Coleman, “Depression Associated With Abortion and Childbirth: A Long-Term Analysis of the NLSY Cohort,” Medical Science Monitor 9(4):CR105-112, 2003.<br /> 11. JR Cougle, DC Reardon, PK Coleman, “Generalized Anxiety Following Unintended Pregnancies Resolved Through Childbirth and Abortion: A Cohort Study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth,” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19:137-142, 2005. <br /> 12. DC Reardon, PG Ney, “Abortion and Subsequent Substance Abuse,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):61-75, 2000.<br /> 13. D.C. Reardon, P.K. Coleman, and J.R. Cougle, “Substance use associated with unintended pregnancy outcomes in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth,” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):369-383, 2004.<br /> 14. DC Reardon and PK Coleman, “Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record Based-Study,” Sleep 29(1):105-106, 2006.<br /> 15. PK Coleman et. al., “State-Funded Abortions Versus Deliveries: A Comparison of Outpatient Mental Health Claims Over Four Years,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 72(1):141-152, 2002.<br /> 16. DC Reardon et. al., “Psychiatric Admissions of Low-Income Women Following Abortions and Childbirth,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(10), 2003.<br /> 17. P.K. Coleman, V.M. Rue, C.T. Coyle, &quot;Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey,&quot; Public Health (2009), doi:10,1016/j.puhe.2009.01.005.<br /> 18. PK Coleman et. al., &quot;Predictors and Correlates of Abortion in the Fragile Families and Well-Being Study: Paternal Behavior, Substance Abuse and Partner Violence,&quot; International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, DOI 10.1007/s11469-008-9188-7, 2008.<br /> 19. DC Reardon, “The Duty to Screen: Clinical, Legal, and Ethical Implications of Predictive Risk Factors of Post-Abortion Maladjustment,” The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 20(2):33-114, Spring 2004.<br /> 20. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, &amp; JR Cougle, “The Quality of the Caregiving Environment and Child Developmental Outcomes Associated with Maternal History of Abortion Using the NLSY Data,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(6):743-57, 2002.<br /> 21. PK Coleman et. al., “A History of Induced Abortion in Relation to Substance Abuse During Subsequent Pregnancies Carried to Term,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1673-8, Dec. 2002.<br /> 22. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Substance use among pregnant women in the context of previous reproductive loss and desire for current pregnancy,” British Journal of Health Psychology 10, 255-268, 2005.<br /> 23. PK Coleman, DC Reardon, MB Lee, “Women’s preferences for information and complication seriousness ratings related to elective medical procedures,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 32:435-438, 2006.<br /> 24. PK Coleman, “Resolution of Unwanted Pregnancy During Adolescence Through Abortion Versus Childbirth: Individual and Family Predictors and Psychological Consequences,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence (2006).<br /> 25. N. Maconochie, P. Doyle, S. Prior, R. Simmons, “Risk factors for first trimester miscarriage—results from a UK-population-based case–control study,” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Dec 2006. Abstract available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.</div>

Admin2 https://abortionrisks.org:443/index.php?title=Material_to_be_catalogued&diff=707 2009-10-21T21:20:46Z

<p>Admin2: A downloadable fact sheet of studies various studies published since 2000.</p> <hr /> <div>Material from the two supplements should be catologued first<br /> {{DEA}}{{PsychIndex}}<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Supplement 1]]<br /> <br /> [[Supplement 2]]<br /> <br /> [[Misc_ResearchNotes |Poorly Organized, but Most Recent Research Notes]]<br /> <br /> [[Birth Control Pill Risks]]<br /> <br /> [[Recent Research]]</div>

Admin2